# Adding Support for Reporting to Custom Modules

#### NEST CoreDev

## Introduction

The `teal` package offers an integrated reporting feature utilizing the `teal.reporter` package. For a comprehensive explanation of the reporting functionality itself, please refer to the documentation therein.

This article is intended for module developers and aims to provide guidance on enhancing a custom `teal` module with an automatic reporting feature. This enhancement enables users to incorporate snapshots of the module outputs into a report which can then be reviewed in another module automatically provided by `teal`. Thus the app user can interact with the report.

The responsibilities of a module developer include:

- Adding support for reporting to their module.
- Specifying the outputs that constitute a snapshot of their module.

The entire life cycle of objects involved in creating the report and configuring the module to preview the report is handled by `teal`.

## Custom module

Let us consider an example module, based on the example module from `teal`:

    library(teal)
    example_module <- function(label = "example teal module") {
      module(
        label = label,
        server = function(id, data) {
          checkmate::assert_class(data, "reactive")
          checkmate::assert_class(isolate(data()), "teal_data")

          moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
            updateSelectInput(session, "dataname", choices = isolate(datanames(data())))
            output$dataset <- renderPrint({
              req(input$dataname)
              data()[[input$dataname]]
            })
          })
        },
        ui = function(id) {
          ns <- NS(id)
          sidebarLayout(
            sidebarPanel(selectInput(ns("dataname"), "Choose a dataset", choices = NULL)),
            mainPanel(verbatimTextOutput(ns("dataset")))
          )
        }
      )
    }

Using `teal`, you can launch this example module with the following:

    app <- init(
      data = teal_data(IRIS = iris, MTCARS = mtcars),
      modules = example_module()
    )

    if (interactive()) shinyApp(app$ui, app$server)

## Add support for reporting

### Modify the declaration of the server function

The first step is to add an additional argument to the server function declaration - `reporter`. This informs `teal` that the module requires `reporter`, and it will be included when the module is called. See below:

    example_module_with_reporting <- function(label = "example teal module") {
      module(
        label = label,
        server = function(id, data, reporter) {
          moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
            updateSelectInput(session, "dataname", choices = isolate(datanames(data())))
            output$dataset <- renderPrint({
              req(input$dataname)
              data()[[input$dataname]]
            })
          })
        },
        ui = function(id) {
          ns <- NS(id)
          sidebarLayout(
            sidebarPanel(selectInput(ns("dataname"), "Choose a dataset", choices = NULL)),
            mainPanel(verbatimTextOutput(ns("dataset")))
          )
        }
      )
    }

With these modifications, the module is now ready to be launched with `teal`:

    app <- init(
      data = teal_data(IRIS = iris, MTCARS = mtcars),
      modules = example_module_with_reporting()
    )

    if (interactive()) shinyApp(app$ui, app$server)

`teal` adds another tab to the application, titled `Report previewer`. However, there is no visible change in how the module operates and appears and the user cannot add content to the report from this module. That requires inserting UI and server elements of the `teal.reporter` module into the module body.

### Insert `teal.reporter` module

The UI and the server logic necessary for adding cards from `example_module_with_reporting` to the report are provided by `teal.reporter::simple_reporter_ui` and `teal.reporter::simple_reporter_srv`.

    example_module_with_reporting <- function(label = "example teal module") {
      module(
        label = label,
        server = function(id, data, reporter) {
          moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
            teal.reporter::simple_reporter_srv(
              id = "reporter",
              reporter = reporter,
              card_fun = function(card) card
            )
            updateSelectInput(session, "dataname", choices = isolate(datanames(data())))
            output$dataset <- renderPrint({
              req(input$dataname)
              data()[[input$dataname]]
            })
          })
        },
        ui = function(id) {
          ns <- NS(id)
          sidebarLayout(
            sidebarPanel(
              teal.reporter::simple_reporter_ui(ns("reporter")),
              selectInput(ns("dataname"), "Choose a dataset", choices = NULL)
            ),
            mainPanel(verbatimTextOutput(ns("dataset")))
          )
        }
      )
    }

This updated module is now ready to be launched:

    app <- init(
      data = teal_data(IRIS = iris, MTCARS = mtcars),
      modules = example_module_with_reporting()
    )

    if (interactive()) shinyApp(app$ui, app$server)

A new piece of `UI` has been added, and the buttons are clickable. The user can now add a card to the report and view it in the `Report previewer` module but the preview is still empty since we have not instructed our module what to put on the card.

### Add content to the card

To add content to a card, we will utilize the public API exposed by the `TealReportCard` class. The `teal.reporter::simple_reporter_srv` module accepts the `card_fun` argument that determines the appearance of the output from our custom module. `ReportCard` and its derivatives allow the sequential addition of content according to the order of method calls. To explore the content, we can use the `$get_content` method. For further details, refer to the documentation of `TealReportCard` and `teal.reporter::ReportCard`.

We will add simple text to the card by modifying the `card_fun` argument passed to `teal.reporter::simple_reporter_srv`. The function must return the `card` object, otherwise errors may occur in `teal`.

    custom_function <- function(card = teal.reporter::ReportCard$new()) {
      card$append_text("This is content from a custom teal module!")
      card
    }

    example_module_with_reporting <- function(label = "example teal module") {
      module(
        label = label,
        server = function(id, data, reporter) {
          moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
            teal.reporter::simple_reporter_srv(
              id = "reporter",
              reporter = reporter,
              card_fun = custom_function
            )
            updateSelectInput(session, "dataname", choices = isolate(datanames(data())))
            output$dataset <- renderPrint({
              req(input$dataname)
              data()[[input$dataname]]
            })
          })
        },
        ui = function(id) {
          ns <- NS(id)
          sidebarLayout(
            sidebarPanel(
              teal.reporter::simple_reporter_ui(ns("reporter")),
              selectInput(ns("dataname"), "Choose a dataset", choices = NULL)
            ),
            mainPanel(verbatimTextOutput(ns("dataset")))
          )
        }
      )
    }

    app <- init(
      data = teal_data(IRIS = iris, MTCARS = mtcars),
      modules = example_module_with_reporting()
    )

    if (interactive()) shinyApp(app$ui, app$server)

Now, an application user can see the text added by `custom_function` in the `Report previewer` module.

### Add non-text content to the card

`teal.reporter` supports the addition of tables, charts, and more. For more information, explore the API of `teal.reporter::ReportCard` to learn about the supported content types.

### `TealReportCard`

`teal` exports the `TealReportCard` class, which extends the `teal.reporter::ReportCard` class and provides several convenient methods to facilitate working with `teal` features like the filter panel or source code. For more details, refer to the documentation of `TealReportCard`.

To support `TealReportCard`, the function that is passed to `teal.reporter::simple_reporter_srv` must define a default value for the card, as shown below:

    custom_function <- function(card = TealReportCard$new()) {
      # ... some code ... #
      card
    }

Without this definition, the API of `TealReportCard` will not be available within the function.

## Example

In conclusion, we have demonstrated how to build a standard `teal` app with code reproducibility and reporter functionalities. Note that the server function requires the `filter_panel_api` argument so that the filter panel state can be added to the report.

In the final example, we have incorporated `teal.code` snippets. `teal.code` is an `R` library that offers utilities for storing code and associating it with an execution environment. This allows `ReporterCard` to store the code necessary to generate the table along with the table itself. To learn more about `teal.code` see the vignette `qenv` in `teal.code`.

    library(teal)
    library(teal.reporter)

    ##

    example_reporter_module <- function(label = "Example") {
      module(
        label = label,
        server = function(id, data, reporter, filter_panel_api) {
          with_filter <- !missing(filter_panel_api) && inherits(filter_panel_api, "FilterPanelApi")
          moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
            updateSelectInput(session, "dataname", choices = isolate(datanames(data())))
            dat <- reactive(data()[[input$dataname]])
            observe({
              req(dat())
              updateSliderInput(session, "nrow", max = nrow(dat()), value = floor(nrow(dat()) / 5))
            })

            table_q <- reactive({
              req(input$dataname)
              req(input$nrow)
              within(
                data(),
                result <- head(dataset, nrows),
                dataset = as.name(input$dataname),
                nrows = input$nrow
              )
            })

            output$table <- renderTable(table_q()[["result"]])

            ### REPORTER
            card_fun <- function(card = teal.reporter::ReportCard$new(), comment) {
              card$set_name("Table Module")
              card$append_text(paste("Selected dataset", input$dataname), "header2")
              card$append_text("Selected Filters", "header3")
              if (with_filter) {
                card$append_text(filter_panel_api$get_filter_state(), "verbatim")
              }
              card$append_text("Encoding", "header3")
              card$append_text(
                yaml::as.yaml(
                  stats::setNames(
                    lapply(c("dataname", "nrow"), function(x) input[[x]]), c("dataname", "nrow")
                  )
                ),
                "verbatim"
              )
              card$append_text("Module Table", "header3")
              card$append_table(table_q()[["result"]])
              card$append_text("Show R Code", "header3")
              card$append_text(teal.code::get_code(table_q()), "verbatim")
              if (!comment == "") {
                card$append_text("Comment", "header3")
                card$append_text(comment)
              }
              card
            }
            teal.reporter::add_card_button_srv(
              "addReportCard",
              reporter = reporter,
              card_fun = card_fun
            )
            teal.reporter::download_report_button_srv("downloadButton", reporter = reporter)
            teal.reporter::reset_report_button_srv("resetButton", reporter)
            ###
          })
        },
        ui = function(id) {
          ns <- NS(id)

          sidebarLayout(
            sidebarPanel(selectInput(ns("dataname"), "Choose a dataset", choices = NULL)),
            mainPanel(
              teal.reporter::simple_reporter_ui(ns("reporter")),
              verbatimTextOutput(ns("dataset"))
            )
          )

          sidebarLayout(
            sidebarPanel(
              div(
                teal.reporter::add_card_button_ui(ns("addReportCard")),
                teal.reporter::download_report_button_ui(ns("downloadButton")),
                teal.reporter::reset_report_button_ui(ns("resetButton"))
              ),
              selectInput(ns("dataname"), "Choose a dataset", choices = NULL),
              sliderInput(ns("nrow"), "Number of rows", min = 1, max = 1, value = 1, step = 1)
            ),
            mainPanel(tableOutput(ns("table")))
          )
        }
      )
    }

    app <- init(
      data = teal_data(AIR = airquality, IRIS = iris),
      modules = list(
        example_reporter_module(label = "with Reporter"),
        example_module(label = "without Reporter")
      ),
      filter = teal_slices(teal_slice(dataname = "AIR", varname = "Temp", selected = c(72, 85))),
      header = "Example teal app with reporter"
    )

    if (interactive()) shinyApp(app$ui, app$server)