Kermit Software - FTP Instructions and Tips

• INSTRUCTIONS
• IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE

The primary ftp site for Kermit software is:

ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/

ftp.kermit.columbia.edu
kermit.columbia.edu
ftp.columbia.edu

This is a new ftp server, which replaced the old one at 128.59.39.2 on 20 March 2001. The old server was retired on 5 December 2001. The new server is faster than the old one and has more disk space. Please refer to it by IP hostname and not by IP address, since its address is likely to change from time to time.

There is no ftp-mail server, and we do not send Kermit software by email -- in most cases it is too big to survive the trip.

These days, the easiest way to access the Kermit ftp site is with a Web browser. Our Web address is:

http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/

But of course there are drawbacks. Many Web-browser FTP clients give you no control over the mode (text or binary) in which the file is downloaded, nor what becomes of the file after it is downloaded. Furthermore, some Web browsers do not allow FTP transfer of file groups -- only one file at a time may be transferred.

Hint: In Netscape, you might have to right-click on a filename and choose "Save" to make it download, rather than appear as garbage on your screen, or have it fed to a random application.

Some of the graphical FTP clients can surprise you; they download the file, but then you can't find it afterwards, either because it put it in a directory you weren't expecting, or it changed the name of the file (case of letters, adding numbers to the end, etc). Or they transferred in binary mode when you needed text mode, or vice versa.

If your Web browser or graphical FTP client can't cope with downloads, then use FTP the Old Fashioned Way. Open a Command window on your Windows PC, or a shell window on your UNIX workstation, etc. Then, at the DOS / shell prompt:

1. (DOS, Windows, or OS/2 only): Type the disk letter of the disk you want to download to, followed by a colon (:), for example, "d:", and then press the Enter key.

2. Change to the directory that you want to download to, e.g.:

     cd tmp
   

3. Type:

     ftp kermit.columbia.edu
   

   or (in case you are having trouble with name service):

     ftp 128.59.39.2
   

   and then press the Enter or Return key.

4. It will prompt you:

     User (kermit.columbia.edu):
   

   In response, type the word "anonymous" (lowercase, spelled out in full) and then press the Enter or Return key.

5. Now it will prompt you for a password. In response, type your email address and then press the Enter or Return key. You should receive a greeting and a brief overview of the available directories, "kermit" among them.

6. Now type "cd kermit" (lowercase) and press the Enter or Return key. You should receive another orientation message. Read this message and follow the directions.

To download text files, first give the FTP "ascii" command, then use the FTP "get" command to download a single file, or "mget" to download multiple files. Please note: If you download text files in binary mode, their record formats might be wrong, but they should still be readable.

To download binary files, first give the FTP "binary" command, then use the FTP "get" command to download a single file, or "mget" to download multiple files. Please note: If you download binary files in "ascii" (or text) mode, they will be completely corrupted and you won't be able to use them.

When you are finished, give the ftp "bye" command.

If you download an executable file to UNIX, you have to "chmod +x" the file before you can run it ("man chmod" for details).

The Kermit FTP site should be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and serves thousands of files every day to sites all over the world. There are presently no limitations on the number of simultaneous users, the number or size of files you can request, etc. If you have trouble getting into our FTP server, the trouble is almost certainly on your end.

Our FTP server is a Sun SPARC 20 that has enough power to keep up with the demand. If you think it is slow, the slowness most likely comes from the Internet connection itself, not from our FTP server. However, in the 24-48 hours after a major Kermit software announcement, the demand can be quite heavy, and this can slow down not only the server, but also key gateways or routers, contention-based network segments, etc. A fact of life. Nevertheless, any time we get complaints that the server is down or not responding, they almost never turn out to be true; inspection of the server usually shows lots of active users at any given time, day or night.

If you have trouble:

• First make sure that your organization does not have some kind of firewall that prevents FTP connections. If it does, then contact your local network administrators for advice. (Although FTP uses a well-known port number for its control connection, it uses a random port number for its data connection, and so might not work through firewalls.) If your FTP client has a PASSIVE (or PASV) command, give this command before attempting to transfer any files.

  Effective February 1999, you may access the Kermit Project file archive not only with FTP, but also with Kermit itself, using its built-in Telnet client. This lets you get through firewalls that prevent FTP from working because of its random second TCP port). CLICK HERE if you want to try this. If you have problems, please report them to kermit-support@columbia.edu.

• If your connection times out, then the network is congested or busy, or your local network is misconfigured, or there is a malfunction or outage on the Internet, or (rarely) the Kermit ftp server is down. In all such cases, try again later.

• If your connection is refused, it is most likely because of a misconfiguration in the Domain Name Service (DNS) for the IP address that is being used to connect to the Kermit FTP site. (If you are connecting through a firewall/proxy the IP address that matters is the one on the far end of the firewall/proxy; not the one on your local machine.) Columbia University policy requires that all TCP services (including the Kermit FTP server) query DNS regarding the IP address of each incoming connection to get its associated hostname, and then look up the hostname to make sure it resolves to the same IP address. This is a standard security measure that is being instituted on an ever widening basis throughout the world to prevent IP address spoofing. Your connection is closed immediately if:
  • The IP address assigned to the computer you are using cannot be identified by name (no DNS entry, or the DNS entry is not exported, for example because it is behind a firewall); or:
  • The name associated with the IP address is assigned to a different IP address; or:
  • The name associated with the IP address is not a valid DNS entry.

  If you want to use Columbia University TCP services, you must have a proper DNS entry for your computer, and you must export it so that the Columbia University FTP server can look it up. If this is not the case, ask your ISP or network administrators to rectify the situation.

  • But I can make FTP connections to other sites! The fact that you can get to other FTP sites is only because they don't have security policies in place that are sufficient to protect themselves against hostile attacks. Once they are attacked, they will institute such policies and then you won't be able to get to them either until you fix your DNS to properly respond to queries for the host you are coming from.

• If your connection is accepted but immediately closed, check to see if your computer is running "identd". If so, be sure it is not configured to reject authentication requests.

• If you make a connection successfully, but have trouble after you log in, maybe your ftp client is confused by the greeting and orientation messages. In that case, give the "bye" command and then make a new connection and enter a password that begins with a hyphen (-). This disables the messages.

• If you can't find what you are looking for, get and read the aaareadme.txt, README.TXT, READ.ME, readme.txt, read.me, or .readme file and read it. Each directory should have one of these. (It is much easier to find what you need using the Web interface.)

  If you are trying to download a new copy of a file (e.g. because we told you we replaced it), but you keep getting the old copy, it's because your ftp client goes through some kind of cache (e.g. a proxy Web server) and due to a bug, time skew, or other problem in your network, the cache is not refreshed when the real file changes. Problems like this can be fixed only by your network manager, ISP, or webmaster.

http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/catalog.html

kermit-orders@columbia.edu