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# Funcións de base de datos

### Visión xeral

As doce funcións da categoría Base de datos axudan a analizar unha base de datos sinxela que ocupa unha área rectangular da folla de cálculo composta de columnas e filas, cos datos organizados como unha fila para cada rexistro. A cela de cabeceira de cada columna mostra o nome da columna e ese nome habitualmente reflicte o contido de cada cela desa columna.

As funcións da categoría Base de datos acepta tres argumentos, os seguintes:

1. Base de datos. O intervalo de celas da base de datos.

2. CampoBaseDeDatos. A columna que contén os datos para empregar nos cálculos da función.

3. CriteriosDeBusca. O intervalo de celas dunha área separada da folla de cálculo que contén os criterios de busca.

Estes argumentos descríbense polo miúdo máis abaixo.

Todas as funcións teñen o mesmo concepto básico de funcionamento. O primeiro paso lóxico é empregar os CriteriosDeBusca para identificar o subconxunto de rexistros da BaseDeDatos que se van empregar durante os cálculos subsecuentes. O segundo paso consiste en extraer os valores dos datos e realizar os cálculos asociados coa función indicada (media, suma, produto, etc.). Os valores procesados son os da columna CampoDaBaseDeDatosdos rexistros seleccionados.

O Calc trata as datas e os valores lóxicos (VERDADEIRO e FALSO) como numéricos ao calcular con estas funcións.

### Argumentos das funcións de base de datos

As definicións dos argumentos seguintes aplícanselles a todas as funcións da categoría Base de datos:

1. Argumento BaseDeDatos

   BaseDeDatos indica o intervalo de celas ocupado pola táboa da base de datos. A primeira fila do intervalo contén os nomes dos campos e as filas posteriores son rexistros cos valores de campo correspondentes.

   Unha maneira de definir o intervalo de celas é introducir a referencia de cela da cela superior esquerda seguinda de dous puntos (:) seguida da referncia da cela inferior dereita. Un exemplo podería ser A1:E10.

   O argumento BaseDeDatos tamén se pode indicar pasando o nome dun intervalo nomeado ou dun intervalo da base de datos. O emprego dun nome significativo para definir o intervalo de celas pode mellorar a lexibilidade da fórmula e o mantemento do documento. Se o nome non coincide co nome dun intervalo definido, o Cal informa dun erro #NOME?.

   Outros erros dos que pode informar como resultado dun argumento BaseDeDatos incorrecto son #VALOR e Err:504 (erro na lista de parámetros).

2. Argumento CampoBaseDeDatos

   CampoBaseDeDatos indica a columna que vai empregar a función para os seus cálculos unha vez aplicados os criterios de busca e seleccionadas as filas de datos. Non está relacionado cos criterios de busca.

   Indique o argumento CampoBaseDeDatos de calquera das maneiras seguintes:

   - Introducindo unha referencia a unha cela de cabeceira na área BaseDeDatos. Como alternativa, se a cela recibiu un nome significativo, como un intervalo nomeado ou un intervalo de base de datos, introduza ese nome. Se o nome non coincide co nome ou cun intervalo definido, o Calc informa dun erro #NAME?. Se o nome for válido mais non corresponder a unha única cela, o Calc informa do erro Err:504 (erro na lista de parámetros).

   - By entering a number to specify the column within the Database area, starting with 1. For example, if a Database occupied the cell range D6:H123, then enter 3 to indicate the header cell at F6. Calc expects an integer value that lies between 1 and the number of columns defined within Database and ignores any digits after a decimal point. If the value is less than 1, Calc reports Err:504 (error in parameter list). If the value is greater than the number of columns in Database, Calc reports a #VALUE! error.

   - By entering the literal column header name from the first row of the Database range, placing quotation marks around the header name. For example, “Distance to School”. If the string does not match one of the Database area’s column headings, Calc reports Err:504 (error in parameter list). You can also provide a reference to an arbitrary cell (not within the Database and SearchCriteria areas) that contains the required string.

   The DatabaseField argument is optional for the DCOUNT and DCOUNTA functions but it is required for the other ten Database functions.

3. SearchCriteria argument

   SearchCriteria specifies the range of cells containing search criteria. Like Database, its first row is also field names, and subsequent rows are conditions for related fields. The Database and SearchCriteria areas need not be adjacent, or even on the same sheet.

   One way of defining the range of cells is to enter the cell reference for the upper left-hand cell, followed by a colon (:), and then the lower right-hand cell reference. For example, A13:B14. The cell range may also be specified by passing the name of a defined named range or database range. If the name does not match the name of a defined range, Calc reports a #NAME? error.

   Err:504 (error in parameter list) may also be reported as a result of an invalid SearchCriteria argument.

   The contents of the SearchCriteria area are described in more detail in the next section.

### Defining Search Criteria

The number of columns occupied by the SearchCriteria area need not be the same as the width of the Database area. All headings that appear in the first row of SearchCriteria must be identical to headings in the first row of Database. However, not all headings in Database need appear in the first row of SearchCriteria, while a heading in Database can appear multiple times in the first row of SearchCriteria.

Search criteria are entered into the cells of the second and subsequent rows of the SearchCriteria area, below the row containing headings. Blank cells within the SearchCriteria area are ignored.

Create criteria in the cells of the SearchCriteria area using the comparison operators <, <=, =, <>, >=, and >. = is assumed if a cell is not empty but does not start with a comparison operator.

If you write several criteria in one row, they are connected by AND. If you write several criteria in different rows, they are connected by OR.

Criteria can be created using wildcards, providing that wildcards have been enabled via the Enable wildcards in formulas option on the LibreOffice - Preferences Tools - Options - LibreOffice Calc - Calculate dialog. When interoperability with Microsoft Excel is important for your spreadsheet, this option should be enabled.

Even more powerful criteria can be created using regular expressions, providing that regular expressions have been enabled via the Enable regular expressions in formulas option on the LibreOffice - Preferences Tools - Options - LibreOffice Calc - Calculate dialog.

When using functions where one or more arguments are search criteria strings that represents a regular expression, the first attempt is to convert the string criteria to numbers. For example, ".0" will convert to 0.0 and so on. If successful, the match will not be a regular expression match but a numeric match. However, when switching to a locale where the decimal separator is not the dot makes the regular expression conversion work. To force the evaluation of the regular expression instead of a numeric expression, use some expression that can not be misread as numeric, such as ".[0]" or ".\0" or "(?i).0".

Another setting that affects how the search criteria are handled is the Search criteria = and <> must apply to whole cells option on the LibreOffice - Preferences Tools - Options - LibreOffice Calc - Calculate dialog. This option controls whether the search criteria you set for the Database functions must match the whole cell exactly. When interoperability with Microsoft Excel is important for your spreadsheet, this option should be enabled.

### Examples of Database Function Use

The following table provides an example database table that is utilized to demonstrate how to use the functions in the Database category. The cell range A1:E10 contains fictitious information about the guests invited to Joe's birthday party. The following information is given for each guest - name, school grade, age in years, distance to school in meters, and weight in kilograms.

| A | B | C | D | E
1 | Name | Grade | Age | Distance | Weight
2 | Andy | 3 | 9 | 150 | 40
3 | Betty | 4 | 10 | 1000 | 42
4 | Charles | 3 | 10 | 300 | 51
5 | Daniel | 5 | 11 | 1200 | 48
6 | Eva | 2 | 8 | 650 | 33
7 | Frank | 2 | 7 | 300 | 42
8 | Greta | 1 | 7 | 200 | 36
9 | Harry | 3 | 9 | 1200 | 44
10 | Irene | 2 | 8 | 1000 | 42
11 |  |  |  |  |

The following six examples use the database table above, combined with different search criteria areas.

#### Example 1

| A | B | C | D | E
12 | Name | Grade | Age | Distance | Weight
13 |  |  |  | >600 |
14 |  |  |  |  |

As in this simple example, it is sometimes desirable (but not essential) to place the search criteria area directly under the database table, with the columns of the two areas vertically aligned. Blank entries in the search criteria area are ignored. With the above example database table and this search criteria area, insert the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;;A12:E14) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to count how many of Joe’s guests travel further than 600 meters to school. The value 5 is returned (counting Betty, Daniel, Eva, Harry, and Irene).

Note also that the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;;D12:D13) returns exactly the same value, demonstrating that it is only necessary for the search criteria area to contain relevant column headings.

#### Example 2

| A | B | C | D | E
12 |  | Age | Grade |  |
13 |  | >7 | 2 |  |
14 |  |  |  |  |

In this example the search criteria area contains only two headings and these are not vertically aligned with the corresponding headings in the example database table. Since there are two conditions in the same row, these are connected by AND. With the above example database table and this search criteria area, insert the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;;B12:C13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to count how many of Joe’s guests are in grade 2 and greater than 7 years old. The value 2 is returned (counting Eva and Irene).

#### Example 3

| A | B | C | D | E
12 |  | Age |  |  |
13 |  | 9 |  |  |
14 |  | 10 |  |  |

In this example the search criteria area contains only one heading. Since there are two conditions in consecutive rows, these are connected by OR. With the above example database table and this search criteria area, insert the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;;B12:B14) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to count how many of Joe’s guests are either 9 or 10 years old. The value 4 is returned (counting Andy, Betty, Charles, and Harry).

#### Example 4

| A | B | C | D | E
12 |  | Age | Age |  |
13 |  | >=8 | <=10 |  |
14 |  |  |  |  |

In this example the search criteria area contains two occurrences of the same heading. Since there are two conditions in the same row, these are connected by AND. With the above example database table and this search criteria area, insert the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;;B12:C13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to count how many of Joe’s guests are aged between 8 and 10 (inclusive). The value 6 is returned (counting Andy, Betty, Charles, Eva, Harry, and Irene).

#### Example 5

| A | B | C | D | E
12 | Name |  |  |  |
13 | F* |  |  |  |
14 |  |  |  |  |

This simple example shows the use of wildcards. For this example to work as intended, select to enable wildcards at LibreOffice - Preferences Tools - Options - LibreOffice Calc - Calculate. With the above example database table and this search criteria area, insert the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;;A12:A13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to count how many of Joe’s guests have names that begin with the letter “F”. The value 1 is returned (counting Frank).

#### Example 6

| A | B | C | D | E
12 | Name |  |  |  |
13 | [ABC].* |  |  |  |
14 |  |  |  |  |

This simple example shows the use of regular expressions. For this example to work as intended, select to enable regular expressions at LibreOffice - Preferences Tools - Options - LibreOffice Calc - Calculate. With the above example database table and this search criteria area, insert the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;;A12:A13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to count how many of Joe’s guests have names that begin with the letters “A”, “B”, or “C”. The value 3 is returned (counting Andy, Betty, and Charles).

## BDCONTAR

DCOUNT counts the number of cells (fields) of the specified column that contain numeric values, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. However, if no column is specified, DCOUNT returns the count of all records that match the specified search criteria irrespective of their contents.

#### Sintaxe

DCOUNT (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">600" (this search criterion will match records in the database table that have a value greater than 600 in the Distance column).

Insert the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10;; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to calculate how many of Joe’s party guests travel further than 600 meters to school. The value 5 is returned.

The same result is obtained if you use the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13), because all entries in the Distance column are numeric. However, if you use the formula =DCOUNT(A1:E10; "Name"; A12:E13), the value 0 is returned because all entries in the Name column are non-numeric.

## BDCONTARA

DCOUNTA counts the number of cells (fields) of the specified column that are not blank, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Blank cells of the specified column are not counted. However, if no column is specified, DCOUNTA returns the count of all records that match the specified search criteria irrespective of their contents.

#### Sintaxe

DCOUNTA (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">600" (this search criterion will match records in the database table that have a value greater than 600 in the Distance column).

Insert the formula =DCOUNTA(A1:E10;; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to calculate how many of Joe’s party guests travel further than 600 meters to school. The value 5 is returned.

The same result is obtained if you use the formula =DCOUNTA(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13) or the formula =DCOUNTA(A1:E10; "Name"; A12:E13). The latter case reflects that in contrast to DCOUNT, DCOUNTA counts both numeric and alphanumeric values in the column indicated by the DatabaseField argument.

## BDDESVEST

DSTDEV calculates the sample standard deviation based on the numeric values in the cells (fields) of the specified column, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Non-numeric values are ignored.

Returns a #NUM! error if exactly one record matches the specified search criteria, or if there is only one numeric value in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

Returns 0 if no matches are found, or if there are no numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DSTDEV (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:D13 are blank and that cell E13 contains ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DSTDEV(A1:E10; "Weight"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to calculate the sample standard deviation of the weights in kg of Joe’s party guests. The value 5.5 is returned.

## BDDESVESTP

DSTDEVP calculates the population standard deviation based on the numeric values in the cells (fields) of the specified column, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Non-numeric values are ignored.

Returns a #NUM! error if no records match the specified search criteria, or if there are no numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DSTDEVP (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:D13 are blank and that cell E13 contains ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DSTDEVP(A1:E10; "Weight"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to calculate the population standard deviation of the weights in kg of Joe’s party guests. The value 5.18545 is returned.

## BDMEDIA

DAVERAGE calculates the average of the numeric values in the cells (fields) of the specified column, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Non-numeric values in those cells are ignored.

Returns a #DIV/0! error if no records match the specified search criteria, or if there are no numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DAVERAGE (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DAVERAGE(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to calculate the average distance in meters travelled to school by Joe’s party guests. The value 666.67 is returned.

## BDMÁX

DMAX calculates the maximum value across the cells (fields) of the specified column that contain numeric values, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Blank cells or cells containing non-numeric characters are not included.

Returns 0 if no matches are found, or if there are no non-zero numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DMAX (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DMAX(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to find the maximum distance in meters that any of Joe’s party guests travel to school. The value 1200 is returned.

## BDMÍN

DMIN calculates the minimum value across the cells (fields) of the specified column that contain numeric values, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Blank cells or cells containing non-numeric characters are not included.

Returns 0 if no matches are found, or if there are no non-zero numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DMIN (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DMIN(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to find the minimum distance in meters that any of Joe’s party guests travel to school. The value 150 is returned.

## BDOBTER

DGET returns the contents of the cell (field) of the specified column, for the single row (database record) that matches the specified search criteria.

Calc reports Err:502 (invalid argument) if multiple matches are found, or a #VALUE! error (wrong data type) if no matches are found. A #VALUE! error is also reported if a single match is found but the relevant cell is empty.

#### Sintaxe

DGET (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell C13 which should contain "11" (this search criterion will match records in the database table that have a value of 11 in the Age column).

Insert the formula =DGET(A1:E10; "Name"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to find the name of Joe’s party guest who is age 11. The name Daniel is returned.

If you change the value in cell C13 to “10”, then the formula =DGET(A1:E10; "Name"; A12:E13) returns an invalid argument error (Err:502). The reflects that multiple records match the specified criterion (both Betty and Charles are age 10).

## BDPRODUTO

DPRODUCT calculates the product of all numeric values in the cells (fields) of the specified column, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Blank cells or cells containing non-numeric characters are not included.

Returns 0 if no matches are found, or if there are no numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DPRODUCT (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell C13 which should contain ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DPRODUCT(A1:E10; "Age"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to calculate the product of the ages in years of Joe’s party guests. The value 279417600 is returned.

## BDSUMA

DSUM calculates the sum of all numeric values in the cells (fields) of the specified column, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Blank cells or cells containing non-numeric characters are not included.

Returns 0 if no matches are found, or if there are no numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DSUM (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DSUM(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to find the total distance in meters that all of Joe’s party guests travel to school. The value 6000 is returned.

## BDVAR

DVAR calculates the sample variance based on the numeric values in the cells (fields) of the specified column, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Non-numeric values are ignored.

Returns a #NUM! error if exactly one record matches the specified search criteria, or if there is only one numeric value in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

Returns 0 if no matches are found, or if there are no numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DVAR (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DVAR(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to find the sample variance of the distances in meters that Joe’s party guests travel to school. The value 193125 is returned.

## BDVARP

DVARP calculates the population variation based on the numeric values in the cells (fields) of the specified column, for all rows (database records) that match the specified search criteria. Non-numeric values are ignored.

Returns a #NUM! error if no records match the specified search criteria, or if there are no numeric values in the cells of the specified column for the matching records.

#### Sintaxe

DVARP (Base de Datos; DatabaseField; campo de busca)

#### Exemplo

The example database table giving information about the guests invited to Joe’s birthday party (described above) should occupy cells A1:E10. The content of cells A12:E12 should be identical to the header labels for the database table in cells A1:E1. Make sure that cells A13:E13 are blank, except for cell D13 which should contain ">0" (this search criterion is intended to match all records in the database table).

Insert the formula =DVARP(A1:E10; "Distance"; A12:E13) into an empty cell elsewhere in the sheet to find the population variance of the distances in meters that Joe’s party guests travel to school. The value 171666.67 is returned.

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