expm1(3)

NAME
expm1, expm1f, expm1l - exponential minus 1

LIBRARY
Math library (libm, -lm)

SYNOPSIS
#include <math.h>

double expm1(double x);
float expm1f(float x);
long double expm1l(long double x);

    Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

expm1():
    _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
        || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500
        || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
        || /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE

expm1f(), expm1l():
    _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
        || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
        || /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION
These functions return a value equivalent to

    exp(x) - 1

The result is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of x is near zero—a case where exp(x) - 1 would be inaccurate due to subtraction of two numbers that are nearly equal.

RETURN VALUE
On success, these functions return exp(x) - 1.

If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned.

If x is +0 (-0), +0 (-0) is returned.

If x is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.

If x is negative infinity, -1 is returned.

If the result overflows, a range error occurs, and the functions return -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL, respectively.

ERRORS
See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred when calling these functions.

The following errors can occur:

Range error, overflow
    errno is set to ERANGE (but see BUGS). An overflow floating-point exception (FE_OVERFLOW) is raised.

ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
Interface | Attribute | Value
 | Thread safety | MT-Safe

STANDARDS
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.

BUGS
Before glibc 2.17, on certain architectures (e.g., x86, but not x86_64) expm1() raised a bogus underflow floating-point exception for some large negative x values (where the function result approaches -1).

Before approximately glibc 2.11, expm1() raised a bogus invalid floating-point exception in addition to the expected overflow exception, and returned a NaN instead of positive infinity, for some large positive x values.

Before glibc 2.11, the glibc implementation did not set errno to ERANGE when a range error occurred.

SEE ALSO
exp(3), log(3), log1p(3)