Authentication of Usenet Group Changes

This document addresses a method for the authentication of the special types of Usenet articles that are used to maintain the namespace of Usenet groups. A basic familiarity with what the Usenet control message types "newgroup", "rmgroup" and "checkgroups" do is assumed; this is not a tutorial in namespace administration.

Usenet articles are notoriously easy to forge, and control messages are no exception. Since administrators often want to have their news systems automatically honor requests from some particular people to add or remove newsgroups, it is risky to trust the From: and Sender: headers to identify the real sender of a message, as has historically been done. Thus a system using Philip Zimmerman's Pretty Good Privacy® (PGP® ) was developed to provide a more secure means of authenticating the sender of a control message.

Unlike traditional PGP authentication of messages, which just verifies that the contents of the body of a message are unchanged from when it was digitally "signed", this system also needed to sign a few headers of the control message to verify the action to be taken and to guard against certain other pitfalls. Another goal was to make the signature as unobtrusive as possible and require minimal changes to existing software in order to work.

How to Verify Control Messages

Listed below are the steps you need to take to enable PGP authentication of control messages on your system.

Here is the short and simple version for someone who feels confident hacking around the news system and doesn't like to read a lot:

  1. Get and configure the software:
  2. Add maintainers' PGP public keys to the news system key ring.
  3. Enable verification through the news system authorization system.
    INN:
    Use the action verify-pgp_userid (possibly appended =logfile) in control.ctl.
    C News:
    Use the action p in the fourth field of controlperm followed by a suitable pgp_userid in the fifth field.
    D News:
    Use the action doit,pgp in control.conf.
    ANU News:
    Use the HELP ADD FILE PGP_verification ANU command.
    Other systems:
    Sorry, not implemented yet.
  4. Test pgpverify. If you have the news.announce.newgroups key in your key ring, run ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/sample.control through pgpverify on stdin. It should spit out the string "news.announce.newgroups" on stdout.

Here is a more verbose version of the instructions:

  1. Get the software.

    There are two pieces of code that will need to be added to a news server to make use of this authentication system: a stand-alone script that verifies an article is what it says it is, and a patch to hook it into the news server's processing of control messages.

    The stand-alone program, ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/pgpverify, is a Perl script that should work with Perl version 4 and up. (I have not tested it with earlier versions.) It does not contain any code making it dependent on any particular news server software.

    ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/server-patches/ has patches for hooking the system into existing news server software. Choose the one for your system from the list below.

    Newer versions of INN (since 1.5), D News and ANU News (since 6.2.0) do not need to be patched, as they ship with built-in handling for pgp verification. You can therefore skip past the "Install it on your news system" section to "Enable verification for the hierarchies that interest you". I recommend that you upgrade to at least INN 1.5.1sec if you are running any prior INN version, because it has a few important security problems fixed.

    I regret that I do not have the time to develop more patches, but I will gladly add patches for other systems to this page as they are made available to me. The INN version 1.4sec patch will apply to all INN "unoff" versions, albeit with a little bit of fuzz. I am not positive what versions of C News will work with the C News CR.G patch; if you try it with other versions, please let me know how it goes.

  2. Install it in your news system.

    First you must ensure that the absolute paths to perl and to pgp are correct in the first few lines of the pgpverify program. No other configuration of options or pathnames should be needed.

    Next, the following steps assume, solely for the sake of making it easy for me to write a simple recipe, that you have copied pgpverify and the patch for your system to your news server as /tmp/pgpverify and /tmp/pgpcontrol.pch respectively. I have tried to format this so that you should be able to cut and paste any of the lines in italics directly to your shell.

  3. Enable verification for the hierarchies that interest you.

    To verify messages, you must have a PGP public key for each signer that you wish to trust. It should be entered in a key ring that is accessible to the user-id that runs the news system by running pgp -ka on a file containing the key to add. For example, at a site that runs the news server software as news, the following command run by the news user-id should add the key bounded by BEGIN and END "PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK" lines in the file /tmp/key to the default key ring that would be used for authentication:

    pgp -ka /tmp/key
    

    As a general policy rule, control message signers will not use their control message keys to introduce other keys, so when PGP asks you a question similar to, "Would you trust this user to act as an introducer and certify other people's public keys to you?" answer that you would not.

    After you have added the appropriate key to your key ring, you need to tell the news software to validate the control messages received. As implemented, the system will perform the requested action if the message can be authenticated and it will mail the message to the news system administrator if it cannot. Clearly there are other possible actions that could be implemented, but I wanted to keep the patches minimal. Future releases of the server software will probably have increased flexibility.

  4. Test the system.

    Get ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/sample.control and save it to a file on your system; /tmp/sample.control will be used for this example. You'll use it to make sure things will work as expected.

    To verify the control message, you will need the key for news.announce.newgroups and authorization in your news system for group-admin@isc.org to automatically perform "newgroup". Go ahead and enable it for the test even if you don't want to really allow this, because it is easy enough to rescind after the test by editing the control message authorization file and removing the key with pgp -kr news.announce.newgroups.

    You can check that the pgpverify part of the system will work properly simply by feeding it the sample control message on stdin:

    pgpverify < /tmp/sample.control
    

    If if could run pgp and find the correct key in the default key ring, the string news.announce.newgroups should be printed. The exit status of the script, found in most shells with the command echo $? as the next command after pgpverify, should be 0 (zero).

    If it doesn't work, then

    pgpverify -test < /tmp/sample.control
    
    might give you some enlightment. It will print out the input that is used for pgp (which is a reconstructed version of the input that supposedly created the control message) as well as the output of PGP's analysis of the message. Look especially closely at the latter, since it can give you important information such as which keyring is being used.

    If it still doesn't work and you've tried and tried to figure out why, email me a complete description of the problem you are having and how you have tried to remedy it. At a bare minimum, your mail should include a copy of the message you are trying to verify, a typescript of the attempted execution of pgpverify -test, and the output of pgp -kc and pgp -kvc news.announce.newgroups.

    When pgpverify passes its test, use the appropriate procedure below for you news server to verify the authorization system.

Format of Signed Control Messages

The format of the input to PGP for signing and verifying messages is described in a separate document, ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/FORMAT. It is intended for people who want to implement their own signing and/or verifying programs instead of using pgpverify or signcontrol.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. How come this presumably valid messages doesn't check out with pgpverify?


List of PGP Public Keys for Newsgroup Administration

This is a list of keys known to be used for maintaining various parts of the newsgroup namespace. They are listed alphabetically by the hierarchies they are used for, along with the email address they are sent by and the pgp key userid of the signature (both for use in control.ctl). The group that people should follow if they are interested in tracking announcements about the hierarchy is also listed. The "Check also" references point to locations that should have identical public key blocks; it is best if you confirm the block listed here by checking against the others.

The existence of key here only means that I, David Lawrence, trust the person who uses it to be a responsible maintainer of that particular hierarchy of groups. You are solely responsible for deciding whether you will use the keys here at your own site.


alabama, hsv

Control message sender: news@news.msfc.nasa.gov
Key User ID: alabama-group-admin
Administrative group: alabama.config
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 4.0 Personal Edition

mQCNAzL4ssYAAAEEAL7Bwtfi0Vblm4/ALgx9sPBn1S27h4VIo9Fnek3mv9zzraFV
mOqk55IRrBn7zBuOM02CIHGPoRtIq20mOcjNZPWyFFr1q1HsPync8MZbAYmSptNd
4tNNe8W+Xy9k5iWBuxjdOG40sGRw478JiMovjo4bs+Vll7dDOP2T9nLogedTAAUR
tBNhbGFiYW1hLWdyb3VwLWFkbWluiQCVAwUQMvi1Ja12xw2xQ7dDAQGp7QP/XcZy
KlFvq8f7c7AnSpGxMFlo0jNJqYc/UNYy76VqKmXUvcwGXWaJB6vAMU9yxsqyTYhj
OcE0ds4KILY0KJN31a+jW+H58ty8niL6VyiOTiKAEUHs7FwPCc3TkprY8GiKxDEx
xofcyT+PPeAlykU5ljEie3x5aUnX1mCRSh2+++8=
=3et7
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

ba

Control message sender: ba-mod@nas.nasa.gov
Key User ID: ba.news.config
Administrative group: ba.news.config
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2

mQCNAzVH8LEAAAEEAKMSuifzHOYm6iucbn8yvrnpr8ApkQMtkPbSKQ6aoCkqTodf
E/kfVOmfYZdDgRdO0CGO7lnc43PKZgSJg8V1bEMnQvlSgyTLvBW5a27Pi4Wizguu
BvJCG3CpaZQgzfEheI1Ay9QVaDZOqqzWpZKjJ5w1G5sL4cnP/iA859VjLgOpAAUR
tA5iYS5uZXdzLmNvbmZpZ4kAlQMFEDVH/M0gPOfVYy4DqQEBwXoD+gMKEeFwq7EK
yvkb9E/9aO41u6OWn1VIz2jyIS8t/HHcuoqB0cRpgX8daco8iT8LVoMf/IOASffG
Zho5lteB53bKczcxublnHpaMZ94+psoq7GGSxDZI7HWa96Cqb2NT3aZpOjgmGrp/
itTuIS4X+avdu2BrptgxQcWZS9K3DaEi
=6Ke1
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

baynet, ufra

Control message sender: news@mayn.de
Key User ID: news.mayn.de
Administrative group: baynet.announce, ufra.admin
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3in

mQENAzTsKfIAAAEIALiQniRHIsKL95gPi0rpxTLz9X7UNDp3k4uUvTC+SryeR8MA
NMNprudlAGkRHfoD4EQlWC4hq3kEWm3AolSIfH2pApgcKrkEkpr/t6GR0CFZBJFo
f1tWbIevRZwdtrh9AgpnkGv84g+MycNmirQHc8VbP3wtmQWsPvvp5UUPf3mC3ikk
1/CV7gtRsOMtYbGiz8st9j6wG5Y7wKACZm+87+bVG1MzuM6b5mKI5PbTYrPry1p1
+jq7BE3viS4ntT2Ptbyw3ApPkDxqu7yhAm7hfwNr6lJhjmyyRQeLrnUyNvtLwh3w
5JnHUtKAxH0wAKE8Q/Ctqn6FECmD2QAIAHdUnM0ABRG0DG5ld3MubWF5bi5kZYkB
FQMFEDT5SAXZAAgAd1SczQEBM1kH/RP6G1TlKcF3ld56VrJVdunDZV9mbmZ8LuFV
u/3zTu9OxZphR1WHxL1djB5IVHFs7TNv8FMFOB5sX4iYpRMUr2AeMgbtnIENKBnx
DJvAaQgvWTMi/AVR+aaWXFtV/mdv9wEyvJrq17p6EaBP7RpWz+JFEL9dZUgOCXpX
AWi8ZisLqhq6YbkA1/ZYnnJ/8Ds/rBcdazDqKzTtsBx7IxmaqJDmmibQH2eS+Tug
Xds4+SpPjcrwmb19u7AYWFZyc3rv0l/YSqf3DvpP1QnLWe6qc/z/UmXL6cioWbLH
ghSFukUJpf4KAZxiaI9pcn7JwG22iKNwDYazdSeamiqwGVGHCVE=
=6O/8
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

be

Control message sender: news@innet.be
Key User ID: be.announce.newgroups
Administrative group: be.announce
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3ia

mQCNAzLiE1oAAAEEAMx8KAOO9TJzY8A9scImT1CFTZHe7gzynsvlzDprmGRoWYBa
xf1z61buwk24WnC/hXcHwKKxTi2gZ2UaFlrJLcsgtCo1+7000UYY1OrVSuojD5i6
0Senfi45cTqD/I5UH6qrGgfs6dacWXk6Fauw7ivvWMcvKys6Tx4Em/q6hgGhAAUR
tBViZS5hbm5vdW5jZS5uZXdncm91cHOJAJUDBRAy4hNaHgSb+rqGAaEBASoyA/sE
nEec3XRO9CnycCUYlw6Ls38+rW4KZZws/saeXuzSC5YF0mKM0LewuvQ53eogepYD
ybubtfdMjb2qvMQYHUvJzKiGymq02WTB6X+gZRKxywCroSU3057wLIAfX/GBe/zy
EMJV16sienUOFC5kjkkMEde4MA/QohlEKnGyt7xlWA==
=kCY2
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

bionet

Control message sender: Biosci-control-key@net.bio.net
Key User ID: Biosci-control-key@net.bio.net
Administrative group: bionet.general
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i
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=KMOt
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

bit

Control message sender: bit@newsadmin.com
Key User ID: bit.admin
Administrative group: bit.admin
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- 
Version: 2.6.2
mQCNAzpA/JMAAAEEALUuDA4puig52BrpAIuAAtJw37qbiOc+Q86EZt3uw8UBlcO6 
kCTyXaHYCLyEJWU/a7F87v6U/aMSGz2A/ehouv9ut2/TlXayT3rKSEbEmlkksxxg 
uO5TbYMzyNeLX/QLNssnwwIrORhykc7KL7OvIP7P/NcK73fDMWZsol7EuJDpAAUR 
tBFiaXRAbmV3c2FkbWluLmNvbYkAlQMFEDpA/WxmbKJexLiQ6QEBtgkD/2wYbaqU 
U6JQppbXtZNCzfDUpMYZ+K+TSKW6DPmJo7IoAfVTUvnS4s4GbULz8QQHiaX5GC7W 
DOK6xsbzudrM9HNbFWSevbQzuZ1YN2fIMUxQv9Zk1fwnYqu4DlRNCnjy325tpBn2 
fCHC7vNZQoBU60SU073DJ0oda7Dg7nXpJmqj 
=J6Dq 
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

cl

NOTE: Private hierarchy. See http://www.cl-netz.de/ for details, or mail koordination@cl-netz.de. Control message sender: koordination@cl-netz.de
Key User ID: cl.netz.infos
Administrative group: cl.netz.infos
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3ia

mQENAzfPVkEAAAEH/1/2E+E9DPNC5+R2+B3wlWfO2OhLVHdWRAKlY5B9IVdzeXS1
4R0ymZglZfvfdtfvKOT4h4uqC1nBIaYuGssBObDqCdIhuq9DsaGEv/9GUlT/dEqd
fX54XPlNj+OUfCVENPsh8IrptsDjBPQuIOYHwymOrMJs5pB6uAcCaxdaR6ZhLUuG
TGH4F06/0SUJ5WPVLDAT4pnLxROs6KhWmm8beWrr7Jk5gOZOPZBcADRiMzsGv/Ha
zCSPzS88di9gzYZe81WvBdC5D3g78ub6wU+iyuUTMWVlkIp8ywZPCwhTh1V/BB6J
CINntHUv0k3yUoXdBL0svwOThP/wK2gdxAaGlA0ABRG0DWNsLm5ldHouaW5mb3OJ
ARUDBRA3z7vV2s3TccJl3PkBARziB/4mpnLFbMD/IgS9kb+1YeuRcuQEDFYbgwLO
m9k4aCf0lMaq6yurIChcCcGkCuPM6nCYg1tAQ2BfjaYSJ2b0+UFnDKbZ6k/5y+Ix
IlnpQEzlAeC3jEks20o3aSWO7MdjkoWoBzSBqOU48yR/HjoIDl4UYDTLOSo+8z+0
I486jalJKwoY7rcwJKCgJqBHcIG5fFSUEuQkeFReLqKyvrBk7e/MJbqlYmyIpXKI
ERkyGQZR8Limja50WUpJfHufIz56PqPl2eaY5SONvstkq47fqu51fgyKGxsAaoXQ
I8s2u9dh/QfhSPfblVmk+2IJbjYmjX2EODImeV0wZe/Mn2WJqMbziQEVAwUQN89Y
nnDtcAUaOkeVAQE2dQgAldPl07BOdmvPFZ4rU9vJ70tweZKGGwxnZcQxe/rYyBdh
lbP0VTGmV9kQWFLNJ0gv/ioliUceQrnusiOLjUSYS0MrYFNnE61OVmCGIOahEWVy
4ccxs7sDkou5Z48LDqKe8VSsfr3IaS7QUPacGoSaTbXE4/MlDJ20BDQR7cTKWozF
EUjvoqSCcj2eL5XB8DTK6jhNWwvcAep7MmEY+sAipro/3r/i9ntpgqCWExQKxcTN
WZ2MC8NriM5imXugI6hpKIOUdFmz9CjLCe10QnoV+Sab3605SjLhWPQ+pJoF5CpD
ZqGQtBxnNdmBRHyQpSgzKC8uGxHA6irMCxsBn2T684kAlQMFEDfPWG/lFSglMxza
XQEBeyQD/RunU4PHHbFxZCa4tshVA1y0I8w25xrAX71N00wWjiMDGJUcUnmuvIqI
3bw+/hShFaw8X0wTD3Au6wfmYae3GsLOQ1pCOQewDCAfLaCK0smDndaVRT46v6vc
MuZPtUE1X6B5j/vqmMfd1MptlnRTxEPz+uT/1cECvdpJw7pBJ7hziQEVAwUQN89W
QitoHcQGhpQNAQE0MAf/VL92MoLhs0QgYKQjjWxvbJvF9D+fPlUaf2DkPQntiT3W
elu+t0FPtd/+C+b91mziCyixvxEKic/Kwle934nVTpTGAl6kiYI8tfhRwkGu490l
D11GEAJW7ZsEDKlk2ohSL8QUtyUo/NdG3aAb2wucvC4J1lDiZ1NaJLh+gTCQ0Vh/
e70e6fvmoEty9MxN9+WBa1v5evkqCJlPI7NEKn8xk7mlqlzMaQS78bSXBxDHnHJg
Oj6h87sEGFnELaYRGUiEEqitHmNV6ZCm0aMInYZMNmPyyIEJ6FfqKd4ghVHwx7c6
9iYne04Re7tXA/2IrMIOQRRIj3M2+Dm+DRRrYVNF4w==
=HxeA
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

clari

Control message sender: cl*@clarinet.com
(But see http://www.clari.net/tech/inn.html#signing )
Key User ID: ClariNet.Group
Administrative group: clari.net.admin
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2

mQCNAzHhqEwAAAEEAK4YEXf3jB1ArKUs8bUMT666mjovSpCiuNGhTClxwLvSJrrB
K4n5ibvAPqAKh8T1AxqDdprDPWPdm/uGAF6/3gFHD8YFA1wU2EayYNWlQ1kvDRI7
bkmkq4QC2rtLnYpsOxwxyjTFsY1cvav+SSLziYauIlsOcHcix8rAq9eiL9vNAAUR
tA5DbGFyaU5ldC5Hcm91cIkAlQMFEDKjVJHKwKvXoi/bzQEBEA4D/095q7TCeLji
h1+qYHD52g2YuTRfL4NlGGmvEZjaHIe+Da6YBrCwKQVnZahckSv5VoHYhccKTtfz
6BJ6+EfdcqvJdXoTkP1IqKFKr4yHL/QS6TWUrC4pjAF7WTg0jKdPMbwjFR983sIi
KzhYhzUEfXdmNaooA+pYaDhl/SUGqh8q
=stal
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

comp, humanities, misc, news, rec, sci, soc, talk

Control message sender: group-admin@isc.org
Key User ID: news.announce.newgroups
Administrative group: news.announce.newgroups
Check also: NOTE: the key 0x97DEF1A1 appears on the MIT key servers with a key user ID of "news.announce.newgroups". This is a bogus key created by someone who was apparently trying to mess with the control message verification system.
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.7

mQCNAjFsLmQAAAEEAKPbDQI6oDtYJYPvYxt7I4PMxThaq51Z/5kqfW7C3dMn6vPL
d+UsXHfRzMaQXkLBR4nIaQj5OHVtbKCjVTVIMtgfgsPeh9GRSONW870S5HUTQcB7
eDhQqvvst1ZEowhTf/CX01chaxOfWq3ZPB09VVohQTmvRJn2BMJdOtO4janBAAUR
tBduZXdzLmFubm91bmNlLm5ld2dyb3Vwc4kAlQIFEDF33BHCXTrTuI2pwQEBiJQD
/1uiv20adyB2a3tzBYESEEhKtugAVHGRJQJE4Ar5PrcnovF3aNpLFumslIaAzCwP
XlCANMjFHg140IB6SgJ8W8XH15u+1cMOmqTbk0wtmVgeLOLaSMgNWt65FV4AUn7e
RZdhK8j/JKxE0a+6gKu4S0PiUDrvnCEWUPjlXiqsbnjR
=E8K8
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

de

Control message sender: moderator@dana.de
Key User ID: de.admin.news.announce
Administrative group: de.admin.news.announce
Check also: NOTE: the key 0x2882347D, bearing the name de-checkgroups@babylon.pfm-mainz.de, is generally considered by German news administrators to not be valid for control messages in de.*, therefor it is not listed here.
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2
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easynet

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efn, eug

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england

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es

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eug

See the efn hierarchy entry.

fido.belg

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europa

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fido7

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flora

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fr


fr

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fj

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gov

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hamster

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han

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hiv

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houston

Control message sender: news@academ.com
Key User ID: houston.usenet.config
Administrative group: houston.usenet.config
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hsv

See the alabama hierarchy entry.

humanities

See the comp hierarchy entry.

hun

Control message sender: hun-mnt@news.sztaki.hu
Key User ID: hun.admin.news
Administrative group: hun.admin.news
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ie

Control message sender: control@usenet.ie
Key User ID: control@usenet.ie
Administrative group: ie.news.group
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is

Control message sender: news@isnet.is
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it

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Key User ID: it.announce.newgroups
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italia

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Key User ID: italia.announce.newgroups
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japan

Control message sender: japan.admin.announce@news.efnet.com
Key User ID: japan.admin.announce@news.efnet.com
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kanto

Control message sender: ty@kamoi.imasy.or.jp
Key User ID: kanto.news.network
Administrative group: kanto.news.network
Check also: NOTE: only used for rmgroup/checkgroups. ty@kamoi says, "anyone who can prepare the charter for the 'new' newsgroup" may send a kanto.* newgroup.
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malta

Control message sender: cmeli@cis.um.edu.mt
Key User ID: malta.config
Administrative group: malta.config
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maus

Control message sender: guenter@gst0hb.north.de
Key User ID: maus-info
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mensa

Control message sender: usenet@newsgate.mensa.org
Key User ID: mensa.cofig
Administrative group: mensa.cofig
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misc

See the comp hierarchy entry.

muc

Control message sender: muc-cmsg@muenchen.pro-bahn.org
Key User ID: muc.admin
Administrative group: muc.admin
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netscape

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news

See the comp hierarchy entry.

net

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Key User ID: control@usenet2.org
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nl

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no

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pl

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pt

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rec

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relcom

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saar

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sat

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schule

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sci

See the comp hierarchy entry.

se

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si

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staroffice

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soc

See the comp hierarchy entry.

talk

See the comp hierarchy entry.

ufra

See the baynet hierarchy entry.

uk

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un

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ppqj/r373Mb5ATZ9+gXpoBk8BIAztSmK1sB+5R/K3JeDFSjKHNnSBjgMLn3KzXHW
bJ9I6BK14AbVQ9Cdbk5rzuoVkUTuuCzi1jbgt9yZKwSeI/bStXOsvUU4Gf2dHqwL
W4E41GioIMvKYSdymBPAYcVBc/C4PJghfb7B3E0QrA==
=MdCR
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

wales

Control message sender: control@wales-usenet.org
Key User ID: wales-usenet
Administrative group: wales.usenet.config
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3ia

mQCNAzaTFFwAAAEEAL/I099TKV7a7Ow6vDdvUa4/dHXFfzotYqSsP7CN5mL/AW16
vXZUQJejnTvoothg9vyTaJYIDHq87ZZS7EFZWR2HszjgmypveAP6QGK1OV91KVyx
MXMII50S1dQo3stwPpL+HiBVqPyQ51RGhxdlYGLcmdtZnpBvxwfZCkeG96phAAUT
tAx3YWxlcy11c2VuZXSJAJUDBRA2kxWUQR9KqCtLo+EBAYxwA/0b1XKS9KyYuDXG
IRIhUbj22F3UCKfpm6yJpV/mOvQB+qyC0AluK2l2LtMRypW/ksZoa7nP7LhugFs0
sZMrPWySfjoEZMUrES20iwV3o8dDkBx3UaxXPX/6WSB7yWyQifKfECUL4g30RGjc
Lg5MZ138Cn2jHqt8FBZUrYf35bLHJYkAlQMFEDaTFF0H2QpHhveqYQEBdgAD/2ry
lk5JKtSYkd4efYg+Z0ap0yme1P94oilrRBx1wFuU324qzh1FPMEKTHOcI1K0WObq
7BGcY2WXqAfQvxNRw7LImWdR6TJVV/6/R0FR/Eh3gymPUGMqska47MSjN1Np+clb
PBXxge/pd21j6MJJHwNd860zf/UZIUmsLKjyBfMn
=p13X
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

z-netz

Control message sender: z-netz-gatekoo@as-node.jena.thur.de
Key User ID: z-netz.koordination.user+sysops
Administrative group: z-netz.koordination.user+sysops
Check also:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i
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=vT5W
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----


Signing Control Messages

If you are responsible for sending control messages about authorized changes to a newsgroup hierarchy, then ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/signcontrol will sign your control messages so that pgpverify can authenticate them. It is a Perl script that requires Perl version 5 or higher to work. It has several configuration parameters that should be reviewed before use.

When establishing a PGP key and control message sender, please use tokens that are not tied to a particular individual. This makes it easier to transfer the administrative responsibility when it finally comes time. (The all-too-common "tale@uunet.uu.net" sender is still appearing in Big 8 control messages because of its legacy in the installed server base; eventually it will be completely phased out and only group-admin@isc.org will be used.) Please also do not sign other keys with the key that is used for control messages.

Note that the key you use should not include whitespace or angle brackets, because some of the various pieces of software that deal with the user id mishandle it. For the best results netwide, I strongly recommend that you use only alphanumeric characters, the at sign, dot, dash, plus and underscore.

If you will be signing control messages, please let me know the hierarchy that you are responsible for maintaining and the information that you would like to appear in the List of PGP Public Keys for Newsgroup Administration.



How to Get PGP

Information about obtaining PGP can be found in the Where to get the latest PGP FAQ article, posted regularly in the alt.security.pgp newsgroup.

How to Get Perl

Information about obtaining Perl can be found in the comp.lang.perl.* FAQ 1/5 - Availability article, posted regularly in the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup.


Last modified: 16 June 1999
David C Lawrence
tale@isc.org