This is Info file gdbint.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.68 from
the input file ../../../devo/gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo.

START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gdb-Internals: (gdbint).	The GNU debugger's internals.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   This file documents the internals of the GNU debugger GDB.

   Copyright 1990, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1998 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.  Contributed by Cygnus Support.  Written by John
Gilmore.

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   Permission is granted to copy or distribute modified versions of this
manual under the terms of the GPL (for which purpose this text may be
regarded as a program in the language TeX).


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Remote Stubs,  Next: Longjmp Support,  Prev: Frames,  Up: Top

Remote Stubs
************

   GDB's file `remote.c' talks a serial protocol to code that runs in
the target system.  GDB provides several sample "stubs" that can be
integrated into target programs or operating systems for this purpose;
they are named `*-stub.c'.

   The GDB user's manual describes how to put such a stub into your
target code.  What follows is a discussion of integrating the SPARC stub
into a complicated operating system (rather than a simple program), by
Stu Grossman, the author of this stub.

   The trap handling code in the stub assumes the following upon entry
to trap_low:

  1. %l1 and %l2 contain pc and npc respectively at the time of the trap

  2. traps are disabled

  3. you are in the correct trap window

   As long as your trap handler can guarantee those conditions, then
there is no reason why you shouldn't be able to `share' traps with the
stub.  The stub has no requirement that it be jumped to directly from
the hardware trap vector.  That is why it calls `exceptionHandler()',
which is provided by the external environment.  For instance, this
could setup the hardware traps to actually execute code which calls the
stub first, and then transfers to its own trap handler.

   For the most point, there probably won't be much of an issue with
`sharing' traps, as the traps we use are usually not used by the
kernel, and often indicate unrecoverable error conditions.  Anyway,
this is all controlled by a table, and is trivial to modify.  The most
important trap for us is for `ta 1'.  Without that, we can't single
step or do breakpoints.  Everything else is unnecessary for the proper
operation of the debugger/stub.

   From reading the stub, it's probably not obvious how breakpoints
work.  They are simply done by deposit/examine operations from GDB.


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Longjmp Support,  Next: Coding Style,  Prev: Remote Stubs,  Up: Top

Longjmp Support
***************

   GDB has support for figuring out that the target is doing a
`longjmp' and for stopping at the target of the jump, if we are
stepping.  This is done with a few specialized internal breakpoints,
which are visible in the `maint info breakpoint' command.

   To make this work, you need to define a macro called
`GET_LONGJMP_TARGET', which will examine the `jmp_buf' structure and
extract the longjmp target address.  Since `jmp_buf' is target
specific, you will need to define it in the appropriate `tm-xxx.h'
file.  Look in `tm-sun4os4.h' and `sparc-tdep.c' for examples of how to
do this.


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Coding Style,  Next: Clean Design,  Prev: Longjmp Support,  Up: Top

Coding Style
************

   GDB is generally written using the GNU coding standards, as
described in `standards.texi', which is available for anonymous FTP
from GNU archive sites.  There are some additional considerations for
GDB maintainers that reflect the unique environment and style of GDB
maintenance.  If you follow these guidelines, GDB will be more
consistent and easier to maintain.

   GDB's policy on the use of prototypes is that prototypes are used to
*declare* functions but never to *define* them.  Simple macros are used
in the declarations, so that a non-ANSI compiler can compile GDB
without trouble.  The simple macro calls are used like this:

     extern int
     memory_remove_breakpoint PARAMS ((CORE_ADDR, char *));

   Note the double parentheses around the parameter types.  This allows
an arbitrary number of parameters to be described, without freaking out
the C preprocessor.  When the function has no parameters, it should be
described like:

     void
     noprocess PARAMS ((void));

   The `PARAMS' macro expands to its argument in ANSI C, or to a simple
`()' in traditional C.

   All external functions should have a `PARAMS' declaration in a
header file that callers include.  All static functions should have such
a declaration near the top of their source file.

   We don't have a gcc option that will properly check that these rules
have been followed, but it's GDB policy, and we periodically check it
using the tools available (plus manual labor), and clean up any
remnants.


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Clean Design,  Next: Submitting Patches,  Prev: Coding Style,  Up: Top

Clean Design
************

   In addition to getting the syntax right, there's the little question
of semantics.  Some things are done in certain ways in GDB because long
experience has shown that the more obvious ways caused various kinds of
trouble.  In particular:

*
     You can't assume the byte order of anything that comes from a
     target (including VALUEs, object files, and instructions).  Such
     things must be byte-swapped using `SWAP_TARGET_AND_HOST' in GDB,
     or one of the swap routines defined in `bfd.h', such as
     `bfd_get_32'.

*
     You can't assume that you know what interface is being used to
     talk to the target system.  All references to the target must go
     through the current `target_ops' vector.

*
     You can't assume that the host and target machines are the same
     machine (except in the "native" support modules).  In particular,
     you can't assume that the target machine's header files will be
     available on the host machine.  Target code must bring along its
     own header files - written from scratch or explicitly donated by
     their owner, to avoid copyright problems.

*
     Insertion of new `#ifdef''s will be frowned upon.  It's much better
     to write the code portably than to conditionalize it for various
     systems.

*
     New `#ifdef''s which test for specific compilers or manufacturers
     or operating systems are unacceptable.  All `#ifdef''s should test
     for features.  The information about which configurations contain
     which features should be segregated into the configuration files.
     Experience has proven far too often that a feature unique to one
     particular system often creeps into other systems; and that a
     conditional based on some predefined macro for your current system
     will become worthless over time, as new versions of your system
     come out that behave differently with regard to this feature.

*
     Adding code that handles specific architectures, operating
     systems, target interfaces, or hosts, is not acceptable in generic
     code.  If a hook is needed at that point, invent a generic hook
     and define it for your configuration, with something like:

          #ifdef	WRANGLE_SIGNALS
             WRANGLE_SIGNALS (signo);
          #endif

     In your host, target, or native configuration file, as appropriate,
     define `WRANGLE_SIGNALS' to do the machine-dependent thing.  Take
     a bit of care in defining the hook, so that it can be used by other
     ports in the future, if they need a hook in the same place.

     If the hook is not defined, the code should do whatever "most"
     machines want.  Using `#ifdef', as above, is the preferred way to
     do this, but sometimes that gets convoluted, in which case use

          #ifndef SPECIAL_FOO_HANDLING
          #define SPECIAL_FOO_HANDLING(pc, sp) (0)
          #endif

     where the macro is used or in an appropriate header file.

     Whether to include a "small" hook, a hook around the exact pieces
     of code which are system-dependent, or whether to replace a whole
     function with a hook depends on the case.  A good example of this
     dilemma can be found in `get_saved_register'.  All machines that
     GDB 2.8 ran on just needed the `FRAME_FIND_SAVED_REGS' hook to
     find the saved registers.  Then the SPARC and Pyramid came along,
     and `HAVE_REGISTER_WINDOWS' and `REGISTER_IN_WINDOW_P' were
     introduced.  Then the 29k and 88k required the `GET_SAVED_REGISTER'
     hook.  The first three are examples of small hooks; the latter
     replaces a whole function.  In this specific case, it is useful to
     have both kinds; it would be a bad idea to replace all the uses of
     the small hooks with `GET_SAVED_REGISTER', since that would result
     in much duplicated code.  Other times, duplicating a few lines of
     code here or there is much cleaner than introducing a large number
     of small hooks.

     Another way to generalize GDB along a particular interface is with
     an attribute struct.  For example, GDB has been generalized to
     handle multiple kinds of remote interfaces - not by #ifdef's
     everywhere, but by defining the "target_ops" structure and having
     a current target (as well as a stack of targets below it, for
     memory references).  Whenever something needs to be done that
     depends on which remote interface we are using, a flag in the
     current target_ops structure is tested (e.g.  `target_has_stack'),
     or a function is called through a pointer in the current
     target_ops structure.  In this way, when a new remote interface is
     added, only one module needs to be touched - the one that actually
     implements the new remote interface.  Other examples of
     attribute-structs are BFD access to multiple kinds of object file
     formats, or GDB's access to multiple source languages.

     Please avoid duplicating code.  For example, in GDB 3.x all the
     code interfacing between `ptrace' and the rest of GDB was
     duplicated in `*-dep.c', and so changing something was very
     painful.  In GDB 4.x, these have all been consolidated into
     `infptrace.c'.  `infptrace.c' can deal with variations between
     systems the same way any system-independent file would (hooks, #if
     defined, etc.), and machines which are radically different don't
     need to use infptrace.c at all.

*
     *Do* write code that doesn't depend on the sizes of C data types,
     the format of the host's floating point numbers, the alignment of
     anything, or the order of evaluation of expressions.  In short,
     follow good programming practices for writing portable C code.


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Submitting Patches,  Next: Host Conditionals,  Prev: Clean Design,  Up: Top

Submitting Patches
******************

   Thanks for thinking of offering your changes back to the community of
GDB users.  In general we like to get well designed enhancements.
Thanks also for checking in advance about the best way to transfer the
changes.

   The two main problems with getting your patches in are,

*
     The GDB maintainers will only install "cleanly designed" patches.
     You may not always agree on what is clean design.  *note Coding
     Style::., *note Clean Design::..

*
     If the maintainers don't have time to put the patch in when it
     arrives, or if there is any question about a patch, it goes into a
     large queue with everyone else's patches and bug reports.

   I don't know how to get past these problems except by continuing to
try.

   There are two issues here - technical and legal.

   The legal issue is that to incorporate substantial changes requires a
copyright assignment from you and/or your employer, granting ownership
of the changes to the Free Software Foundation.  You can get the
standard document for doing this by sending mail to
`gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu' and asking for it.  I recommend that people write
in "All programs owned by the Free Software Foundation" as "NAME OF
PROGRAM", so that changes in many programs (not just GDB, but GAS,
Emacs, GCC, etc) can be contributed with only one piece of legalese
pushed through the bureacracy and filed with the FSF.  I can't start
merging changes until this paperwork is received by the FSF (their
rules, which I follow since I maintain it for them).

   Technically, the easiest way to receive changes is to receive each
feature as a small context diff or unidiff, suitable for "patch".  Each
message sent to me should include the changes to C code and header
files for a single feature, plus ChangeLog entries for each directory
where files were modified, and diffs for any changes needed to the
manuals (gdb/doc/gdb.texi or gdb/doc/gdbint.texi).  If there are a lot
of changes for a single feature, they can be split down into multiple
messages.

   In this way, if I read and like the feature, I can add it to the
sources with a single patch command, do some testing, and check it in.
If you leave out the ChangeLog, I have to write one.  If you leave out
the doc, I have to puzzle out what needs documenting.  Etc.

   The reason to send each change in a separate message is that I will
not install some of the changes.  They'll be returned to you with
questions or comments.  If I'm doing my job, my message back to you
will say what you have to fix in order to make the change acceptable.
The reason to have separate messages for separate features is so that
other changes (which I *am* willing to accept) can be installed while
one or more changes are being reworked.  If multiple features are sent
in a single message, I tend to not put in the effort to sort out the
acceptable changes from the unacceptable, so none of the features get
installed until all are acceptable.

   If this sounds painful or authoritarian, well, it is.  But I get a
lot of bug reports and a lot of patches, and most of them don't get
installed because I don't have the time to finish the job that the bug
reporter or the contributor could have done.  Patches that arrive
complete, working, and well designed, tend to get installed on the day
they arrive.  The others go into a queue and get installed if and when
I scan back over the queue - which can literally take months sometimes.
It's in both our interests to make patch installation easy - you get
your changes installed, and I make some forward progress on GDB in a
normal 12-hour day (instead of them having to wait until I have a
14-hour or 16-hour day to spend cleaning up patches before I can
install them).

   Please send patches to `bug-gdb@prep.ai.mit.edu', if they are less
than about 25,000 characters.  If longer than that, either make them
available somehow (e.g. anonymous FTP), and announce it on `bug-gdb',
or send them directly to the GDB maintainers at
`gdb-patches@cygnus.com'.


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Host Conditionals,  Next: Target Conditionals,  Prev: Submitting Patches,  Up: Top

Host Conditionals
*****************

   When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or
left undefined, to control compilation based on the attributes of the
host system.  These macros and their meanings (or if the meaning is not
documented here, then one of the source files where they are used is
indicated) are:

`GDBINIT_FILENAME'
     The default name of GDB's initialization file (normally
     `.gdbinit').

`MEM_FNS_DECLARED'
     Your host config file defines this if it includes declarations of
     `memcpy' and `memset'.  Define this to avoid conflicts between the
     native include files and the declarations in `defs.h'.

`NO_SYS_FILE'
     Define this if your system does not have a `<sys/file.h>'.

`SIGWINCH_HANDLER'
     If your host defines `SIGWINCH', you can define this to be the
     name of a function to be called if `SIGWINCH' is received.

`SIGWINCH_HANDLER_BODY'
     Define this to expand into code that will define the function
     named by the expansion of `SIGWINCH_HANDLER'.

`ALIGN_STACK_ON_STARTUP'
     Define this if your system is of a sort that will crash in
     `tgetent' if the stack happens not to be longword-aligned when
     `main' is called.  This is a rare situation, but is known to occur
     on several different types of systems.

`CRLF_SOURCE_FILES'
     Define this if host files use `\r\n' rather than `\n' as a line
     terminator.  This will cause source file listings to omit `\r'
     characters when printing.  It must be possible to open files in
     binary mode using `O_BINARY' or, for fopen, `"rb"'.

`DEFAULT_PROMPT'
     The default value of the prompt string (normally `"(gdb) "').

`DEV_TTY'
     The name of the generic TTY device, defaults to `"/dev/tty"'.

`FCLOSE_PROVIDED'
     Define this if the system declares `fclose' in the headers
     included in `defs.h'.  This isn't needed unless your compiler is
     unusually anal.

`FOPEN_RB'
     Define this if binary files are opened the same way as text files.

`GETENV_PROVIDED'
     Define this if the system declares `getenv' in its headers
     included in `defs.h'. This isn't needed unless your compiler is
     unusually anal.

`HAVE_MMAP'
     In some cases, use the system call `mmap' for reading symbol
     tables.  For some machines this allows for sharing and quick
     updates.

`HAVE_SIGSETMASK'
     Define this if the host system has job control, but does not
     define `sigsetmask()'.  Currently, this is only true of the
     RS/6000.

`HAVE_TERMIO'
     Define this if the host system has `termio.h'.

`HOST_BYTE_ORDER'
     The ordering of bytes in the host.  This must be defined to be
     either `BIG_ENDIAN' or `LITTLE_ENDIAN'.

`INT_MAX'

`INT_MIN'

`LONG_MAX'

`UINT_MAX'

`ULONG_MAX'
     Values for host-side constants.

`ISATTY'
     Substitute for isatty, if not available.

`KERNEL_U_ADDR'
     Define this to the address of the `u' structure (the "user struct",
     also known as the "u-page") in kernel virtual memory.  GDB needs
     to know this so that it can subtract this address from absolute
     addresses in the upage, that are obtained via ptrace or from core
     files.  On systems that don't need this value, set it to zero.

`KERNEL_U_ADDR_BSD'
     Define this to cause GDB to determine the address of `u' at
     runtime, by using Berkeley-style `nlist' on the kernel's image in
     the root directory.

`KERNEL_U_ADDR_HPUX'
     Define this to cause GDB to determine the address of `u' at
     runtime, by using HP-style `nlist' on the kernel's image in the
     root directory.

`LONGEST'
     This is the longest integer type available on the host.  If not
     defined, it will default to `long long' or `long', depending on
     `CC_HAS_LONG_LONG'.

`CC_HAS_LONG_LONG'
     Define this if the host C compiler supports "long long".  This is
     set by the configure script.

`PRINTF_HAS_LONG_LONG'
     Define this if the host can handle printing of long long integers
     via the printf format directive "ll". This is set by the configure
     script.

`HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE'
     Define this if the host C compiler supports "long double".  This
     is set by the configure script.

`PRINTF_HAS_LONG_DOUBLE'
     Define this if the host can handle printing of long double
     float-point numbers via the printf format directive "Lg". This is
     set by the configure script.

`SCANF_HAS_LONG_DOUBLE'
     Define this if the host can handle the parsing of long double
     float-point numbers via the scanf format directive directive "Lg".
     This is set by the configure script.

`LSEEK_NOT_LINEAR'
     Define this if `lseek (n)' does not necessarily move to byte number
     `n' in the file.  This is only used when reading source files.  It
     is normally faster to define `CRLF_SOURCE_FILES' when possible.

`L_SET'
     This macro is used as the argument to lseek (or, most commonly,
     bfd_seek).  FIXME, should be replaced by SEEK_SET instead, which
     is the POSIX equivalent.

`MAINTENANCE_CMDS'
     If the value of this is 1, then a number of optional maintenance
     commands are compiled in.

`MALLOC_INCOMPATIBLE'
     Define this if the system's prototype for `malloc' differs from the
     ANSI definition.

`MMAP_BASE_ADDRESS'
     When using HAVE_MMAP, the first mapping should go at this address.

`MMAP_INCREMENT'
     when using HAVE_MMAP, this is the increment between mappings.

`NEED_POSIX_SETPGID'
     Define this to use the POSIX version of `setpgid' to determine
     whether job control is available.

`NORETURN'
     If defined, this should be one or more tokens, such as `volatile',
     that can be used in both the declaration and definition of
     functions to indicate that they never return.  The default is
     already set correctly if compiling with GCC.  This will almost
     never need to be defined.

`ATTR_NORETURN'
     If defined, this should be one or more tokens, such as
     `__attribute__ ((noreturn))', that can be used in the declarations
     of functions to indicate that they never return.  The default is
     already set correctly if compiling with GCC.  This will almost
     never need to be defined.

`USE_MMALLOC'
     GDB will use the `mmalloc' library for memory allocation for symbol
     reading if this symbol is defined.  Be careful defining it since
     there are systems on which `mmalloc' does not work for some
     reason.  One example is the DECstation, where its RPC library
     can't cope with our redefinition of `malloc' to call `mmalloc'.
     When defining `USE_MMALLOC', you will also have to set `MMALLOC'
     in the Makefile, to point to the mmalloc library.  This define is
     set when you configure with -with-mmalloc.

`NO_MMCHECK'
     Define this if you are using `mmalloc', but don't want the overhead
     of checking the heap with `mmcheck'.  Note that on some systems,
     the C runtime makes calls to malloc prior to calling `main', and if
     `free' is ever called with these pointers after calling `mmcheck'
     to enable checking, a memory corruption abort is certain to occur.
     These systems can still use mmalloc, but must define NO_MMCHECK.

`MMCHECK_FORCE'
     Define this to 1 if the C runtime allocates memory prior to
     `mmcheck' being called, but that memory is never freed so we don't
     have to worry about it triggering a memory corruption abort.  The
     default is 0, which means that `mmcheck' will only install the
     heap checking functions if there has not yet been any memory
     allocation calls, and if it fails to install the functions, gdb
     will issue a warning.  This is currently defined if you configure
     using -with-mmalloc.

`NO_SIGINTERRUPT'
     Define this to indicate that siginterrupt() is not available.

`R_OK'
     Define if this is not in a system .h file.

`SEEK_CUR'

`SEEK_SET'
     Define these to appropriate value for the system lseek(), if not
     already defined.

`STOP_SIGNAL'
     This is the signal for stopping GDB.  Defaults to SIGTSTP.  (Only
     redefined for the Convex.)

`USE_O_NOCTTY'
     ???

`USG'
     Means that System V (prior to SVR4) include files are in use.
     (FIXME:  This symbol is abused in `infrun.c', `regex.c',
     `remote-nindy.c', and `utils.c' for other things, at the moment.)

`lint'
     Define this to help lint in some stupid way.

`volatile'
     Define this to override the defaults of `__volatile__' or `/**/'.

   Platform-specific host conditionals.

`ALTOS_AS'
     xm-altos.h

`MOTOROLA'
     xm-altos.h

`NBPG'
     altos-xdep.c

`DELTA88'
     m88k-xdep.c

`DGUX'
     m88k-xdep.c

`F_OK'
     xm-ultra3.h

`UPAGES'
     altos-xdep.c

   Regex conditionals.

`C_ALLOCA'
     regex.c

`NFAILURES'
     regex.c

`RE_NREGS'
     regex.h

`SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR'
     regex.c

`SWITCH_ENUM_BUG'
     regex.c

`SYNTAX_TABLE'
     regex.c

`Sword'
     regex.c

`sparc'
     regex.c


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Target Conditionals,  Next: Native Conditionals,  Prev: Host Conditionals,  Up: Top

Target Conditionals
*******************

   When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or
left undefined, to control compilation based on the attributes of the
target system.  These macros and their meanings are:

`ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS'

`ADDITIONAL_OPTION_CASES'

`ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HANDLER'

`ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HELP'
     These are a set of macros that allow the addition of additional
     command line options to GDB.  They are currently used only for the
     unsupported i960 Nindy target, and should not be used in any other
     configuration.

`ADDR_BITS_REMOVE (addr)'
     If a raw machine address includes any bits that are not really part
     of the address, then define this macro to expand into an expression
     that zeros those bits in ADDR.  For example, the two low-order
     bits of a Motorola 88K address may be used by some kernels for
     their own purposes, since addresses must always be 4-byte aligned,
     and so are of no use for addressing.  Those bits should be
     filtered out with an expression such as `((addr) & ~3)'.

`BEFORE_MAIN_LOOP_HOOK'
     Define this to expand into any code that you want to execute before
     the main loop starts.  Although this is not, strictly speaking, a
     target conditional, that is how it is currently being used.  Note
     that if a configuration were to define it one way for a host and a
     different way for the target, GDB will probably not compile, let
     alone run correctly.

`BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION'
     coffread.c

`BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION_TYPE'
     stabsread.c

`BITS_BIG_ENDIAN'
     Define this if the numbering of bits in the targets does *not*
     match the endianness of the target byte order.  A value of 1 means
     that the bits are numbered in a big-endian order, 0 means
     little-endian.

`BREAKPOINT'
     This is the character array initializer for the bit pattern to put
     into memory where a breakpoint is set.  Although it's common to
     use a trap instruction for a breakpoint, it's not required; for
     instance, the bit pattern could be an invalid instruction.  The
     breakpoint must be no longer than the shortest instruction of the
     architecture.

`BIG_BREAKPOINT'

`LITTLE_BREAKPOINT'
     Similar to BREAKPOINT, but used for bi-endian targets.

`CALL_DUMMY'
     valops.c

`CALL_DUMMY_LOCATION'
     inferior.h

`CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST'
     valops.c

`CANNOT_FETCH_REGISTER (regno)'
     A C expression that should be nonzero if REGNO cannot be fetched
     from an inferior process.  This is only relevant if
     `FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS' is not defined.

`CANNOT_STORE_REGISTER (regno)'
     A C expression that should be nonzero if REGNO should not be
     written to the target.  This is often the case for program
     counters, status words, and other special registers.  If this is
     not defined, GDB will assume that all registers may be written.

`CHILL_PRODUCER'

`GCC_PRODUCER'

`GPLUS_PRODUCER'

`LCC_PRODUCER'
     If defined, these are the producer strings in a DWARF 1 file.  All
     of these have reasonable defaults already.

`DO_DEFERRED_STORES'

`CLEAR_DEFERRED_STORES'
     Define this to execute any deferred stores of registers into the
     inferior, and to cancel any deferred stores.

     Currently only implemented correctly for native Sparc
     configurations?

`CPLUS_MARKER'
     Define this to expand into the character that G++ uses to
     distinguish compiler-generated identifiers from
     programmer-specified identifiers.  By default, this expands into
     `'$''.  Most System V targets should define this to `'.''.

`DBX_PARM_SYMBOL_CLASS'
     Hook for the `SYMBOL_CLASS' of a parameter when decoding DBX symbol
     information.  In the i960, parameters can be stored as locals or as
     args, depending on the type of the debug record.

`DECR_PC_AFTER_BREAK'
     Define this to be the amount by which to decrement the PC after
     the program encounters a breakpoint.  This is often the number of
     bytes in BREAKPOINT, though not always.  For most targets this
     value will be 0.

`DECR_PC_AFTER_HW_BREAK'
     Similarly, for hardware breakpoints.

`DISABLE_UNSETTABLE_BREAK addr'
     If defined, this should evaluate to 1 if ADDR is in a shared
     library in which breakpoints cannot be set and so should be
     disabled.

`DO_REGISTERS_INFO'
     If defined, use this to print the value of a register or all
     registers.

`END_OF_TEXT_DEFAULT'
     This is an expression that should designate the end of the text
     section (? FIXME ?)

`EXTRACT_RETURN_VALUE'
     tm-m68k.h

`EXTRACT_STRUCT_VALUE_ADDRESS'
     values.c

`EXTRA_FRAME_INFO'
     If defined, this must be a list of slots that may be inserted into
     the `frame_info' structure defined in `frame.h'.

`EXTRA_SYMTAB_INFO'
     If defined, this must be a list of slots that may be inserted into
     the `symtab' structure defined in `symtab.h'.

`FLOAT_INFO'
     If defined, then the `info float' command will print information
     about the processor's floating point unit.

`FP_REGNUM'
     The number of the frame pointer register.

`FRAMELESS_FUNCTION_INVOCATION'
     blockframe.c

`FRAME_ARGS_ADDRESS_CORRECT'
     stack.c

`FRAME_CHAIN'
     Given FRAME, return a pointer to the calling frame.

`FRAME_CHAIN_COMBINE'
     blockframe.c

`FRAME_CHAIN_VALID'
     frame.h

`FRAME_CHAIN_VALID_ALTERNATE'
     frame.h

`FRAME_FIND_SAVED_REGS'
     stack.c

`FRAME_NUM_ARGS (val, fi)'
     For the frame described by fi, set val to the number of arguments
     that are being passed.

`FRAME_SPECIFICATION_DYADIC'
     stack.c

`FRAME_SAVED_PC'
     Given FRAME, return the pc saved there.  That is, the return
     address.

`FUNCTION_EPILOGUE_SIZE'
     For some COFF targets, the `x_sym.x_misc.x_fsize' field of the
     function end symbol is 0.  For such targets, you must define
     `FUNCTION_EPILOGUE_SIZE' to expand into the standard size of a
     function's epilogue.

`GCC_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL'

`GCC2_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL'
     If defined, these are the names of the symbols that GDB will look
     for to detect that GCC compiled the file.  The default symbols are
     `gcc_compiled.' and `gcc2_compiled.', respectively. (Currently
     only defined for the Delta 68.)

`GDB_TARGET_IS_HPPA'
     This determines whether horrible kludge code in dbxread.c and
     partial-stab.h is used to mangle multiple-symbol-table files from
     HPPA's.  This should all be ripped out, and a scheme like
     elfread.c used.

`GDB_TARGET_IS_MACH386'
     mach386-xdep.c

`GDB_TARGET_IS_SUN3'
     a68v-xdep.c

`GDB_TARGET_IS_SUN386'
     sun386-xdep.c

`GET_LONGJMP_TARGET'
     For most machines, this is a target-dependent parameter.  On the
     DECstation and the Iris, this is a native-dependent parameter,
     since <setjmp.h> is needed to define it.

     This macro determines the target PC address that longjmp() will
     jump to, assuming that we have just stopped at a longjmp
     breakpoint.  It takes a CORE_ADDR * as argument, and stores the
     target PC value through this pointer.  It examines the current
     state of the machine as needed.

`GET_SAVED_REGISTER'
     Define this if you need to supply your own definition for the
     function `get_saved_register'.  Currently this is only done for
     the a29k.

`GR64_REGNUM'
     Very a29k-specific.

`HAVE_REGISTER_WINDOWS'
     Define this if the target has register windows.

`REGISTER_IN_WINDOW_P regnum'
     Define this to be an expression that is 1 is the given register is
     in the window.

`IBM6000_TARGET'
     Shows that we are configured for an IBM RS/6000 target.  This
     conditional should be eliminated (FIXME) and replaced by
     feature-specific macros.  It was introduced in haste and we are
     repenting at leisure.

`IEEE_FLOAT'
     Define this if the target system uses IEEE-format floating point
     numbers.

`IGNORE_SYMBOL type'
     This seems to be no longer used.

`INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO (fromleaf, fci)'
     If defined, this should be a C expression or statement that fills
     in the `EXTRA_FRAME_INFO' slots of the given frame FCI.

`INIT_EXTRA_SYMTAB_INFO'
     symfile.c

`INIT_FRAME_PC (fromleaf, prev)'
     This is a C statement that sets the pc of the frame pointed to by
     PREV.  [By default...]

`INNER_THAN'
     Define this to be either `<' if the target's stack grows downward
     in memory, or `>' is the stack grows upwards.

`IN_SIGTRAMP (pc name)'
     Define this to return true if the given pc and/or name indicates
     that the current function is a sigtramp.

`SIGTRAMP_START (pc)'

`SIGTRAMP_END (pc)'
     Define these to be the start and end address of the sigtramp for
     the given pc.  On machines where the address is just a compile
     time constant, the macro expansion will typically just ignore the
     supplied pc.

`IN_SOLIB_TRAMPOLINE pc name'
     Define this to evaluate to nonzero if the program is stopped in
     the trampoline that connects to a shared library.

`IS_TRAPPED_INTERNALVAR name'
     This is an ugly hook to allow the specification of special actions
     that should occur as a side-effect of setting the value of a
     variable internal to GDB.  Currently only used by the h8500.  Note
     that this could be either a host or target conditional.

`KERNEL_DEBUGGING'
     tm-ultra3.h

`MIPSEL'
     mips-tdep.c

`NEED_TEXT_START_END'
     Define this if GDB should determine the start and end addresses of
     the text section.  (Seems dubious.)

`KERNEL_DEBUGGING'

`NO_HIF_SUPPORT'
     (Specific to the a29k.)

`NO_SINGLE_STEP'
     Define this if the target does not support single-stepping.  If
     this is defined, you must supply, in `*-tdep.c', the function
     `single_step', which takes a target_signal as argument and returns
     nothing.  It must insert breakpoints at each possible destinations
     of the next instruction.  See `sparc-tdep.c' and `rs6000-tdep.c'
     for examples.

`PCC_SOL_BROKEN'
     (Used only in the Convex target.)

`PC_IN_CALL_DUMMY'
     inferior.h

`PC_LOAD_SEGMENT'
     If defined, print information about the load segment for the
     program counter.  (Defined only for the RS/6000.)

`PC_REGNUM'
     If the program counter is kept in a register, then define this
     macro to be the number of that register.  This need be defined
     only if `TARGET_WRITE_PC' is not defined.

`NPC_REGNUM'
     The number of the "next program counter" register, if defined.

`NNPC_REGNUM'
     The number of the "next next program counter" register, if defined.
     Currently, this is only defined for the Motorola 88K.

`PRINT_REGISTER_HOOK (regno)'
     If defined, this must be a function that prints the contents of the
     given register to standard output.

`PRINT_TYPELESS_INTEGER'
     This is an obscure substitute for `print_longest' that seems to
     have been defined for the Convex target.

`PROCESS_LINENUMBER_HOOK'
     A hook defined for XCOFF reading.

`PROLOGUE_FIRSTLINE_OVERLAP'
     (Only used in unsupported Convex configuration.)

`PS_REGNUM'
     If defined, this is the number of the processor status register.
     (This definition is only used in generic code when parsing "$ps".)

`POP_FRAME'
     Used in `call_function_by_hand' to remove an artificial stack
     frame.

`PUSH_ARGUMENTS (nargs, args, sp, struct_return, struct_addr)'
     Define this to push arguments onto the stack for inferior function
     call.

`PUSH_DUMMY_FRAME'
     Used in `call_function_by_hand' to create an artificial stack
     frame.

`REGISTER_BYTES'
     The total amount of space needed to store GDB's copy of the
     machine's register state.

`REGISTER_NAMES'
     Define this to expand into an initializer of an array of strings.
     Each string is the name of a register.  [more detail]

`REG_STRUCT_HAS_ADDR (gcc_p, type)'
     Define this to return 1 if the given type will be passed by pointer
     rather than directly.

`SDB_REG_TO_REGNUM'
     Define this to convert sdb register numbers into GDB regnums.  If
     not defined, no conversion will be done.

`SHIFT_INST_REGS'
     (Only used for m88k targets.)

`SKIP_PROLOGUE'
     A C statement that advances the PC across any function entry
     prologue instructions so as to reach "real" code.

`SKIP_PROLOGUE_FRAMELESS_P'
     A C statement that should behave similarly, but that can stop as
     soon as the function is known to have a frame.  If not defined,
     `SKIP_PROLOGUE' will be used instead.

`SKIP_TRAMPOLINE_CODE (pc)'
     If the target machine has trampoline code that sits between callers
     and the functions being called, then define this macro to return a
     new PC that is at the start of the real function.

`SP_REGNUM'
     Define this to be the number of the register that serves as the
     stack pointer.

`STAB_REG_TO_REGNUM'
     Define this to convert stab register numbers (as gotten from `r'
     declarations) into GDB regnums.  If not defined, no conversion
     will be done.

`STACK_ALIGN (addr)'
     Define this to adjust the address to the alignment required for the
     processor's stack.

`STEP_SKIPS_DELAY (addr)'
     Define this to return true if the address is of an instruction
     with a delay slot.  If a breakpoint has been placed in the
     instruction's delay slot, GDB will single-step over that
     instruction before resuming normally.  Currently only defined for
     the Mips.

`STORE_RETURN_VALUE (type, valbuf)'
     A C expression that stores a function return value of type TYPE,
     where VALBUF is the address of the value to be stored.

`SUN_FIXED_LBRAC_BUG'
     (Used only for Sun-3 and Sun-4 targets.)

`SYMBOL_RELOADING_DEFAULT'
     The default value of the `symbol-reloading' variable.  (Never
     defined in current sources.)

`TARGET_BYTE_ORDER'
     The ordering of bytes in the target.  This must be defined to be
     either `BIG_ENDIAN' or `LITTLE_ENDIAN'.

`TARGET_CHAR_BIT'
     Number of bits in a char; defaults to 8.

`TARGET_COMPLEX_BIT'
     Number of bits in a complex number; defaults to `2 *
     TARGET_FLOAT_BIT'.

`TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT'
     Number of bits in a double float; defaults to `8 *
     TARGET_CHAR_BIT'.

`TARGET_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_BIT'
     Number of bits in a double complex; defaults to `2 *
     TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT'.

`TARGET_FLOAT_BIT'
     Number of bits in a float; defaults to `4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT'.

`TARGET_INT_BIT'
     Number of bits in an integer; defaults to `4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT'.

`TARGET_LONG_BIT'
     Number of bits in a long integer; defaults to `4 *
     TARGET_CHAR_BIT'.

`TARGET_LONG_DOUBLE_BIT'
     Number of bits in a long double float; defaults to `2 *
     TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT'.

`TARGET_LONG_LONG_BIT'
     Number of bits in a long long integer; defaults to `2 *
     TARGET_LONG_BIT'.

`TARGET_PTR_BIT'
     Number of bits in a pointer; defaults to `TARGET_INT_BIT'.

`TARGET_SHORT_BIT'
     Number of bits in a short integer; defaults to `2 *
     TARGET_CHAR_BIT'.

`TARGET_READ_PC'

`TARGET_WRITE_PC (val, pid)'

`TARGET_READ_SP'

`TARGET_WRITE_SP'

`TARGET_READ_FP'

`TARGET_WRITE_FP'
     These change the behavior of `read_pc', `write_pc', `read_sp',
     `write_sp', `read_fp' and `write_fp'.  For most targets, these may
     be left undefined.  GDB will call the read and write register
     functions with the relevant `_REGNUM' argument.

     These macros are useful when a target keeps one of these registers
     in a hard to get at place;  for example, part in a segment
     register and part in an ordinary register.

`USE_STRUCT_CONVENTION (gcc_p, type)'
     If defined, this must be an expression that is nonzero if a value
     of the given TYPE being returned from a function must have space
     allocated for it on the stack.  GCC_P is true if the function
     being considered is known to have been compiled by GCC; this is
     helpful for systems where GCC is known to use different calling
     convention than other compilers.

`VARIABLES_INSIDE_BLOCK (desc, gcc_p)'
     For dbx-style debugging information, if the compiler puts variable
     declarations inside LBRAC/RBRAC blocks, this should be defined to
     be nonzero.  DESC is the value of `n_desc' from the `N_RBRAC'
     symbol, and GCC_P is true if GDB has noticed the presence of
     either the `GCC_COMPILED_SYMBOL' or the `GCC2_COMPILED_SYMBOL'.
     By default, this is 0.

`OS9K_VARIABLES_INSIDE_BLOCK (desc, gcc_p)'
     Similarly, for OS/9000.  Defaults to 1.

`WRS_ORIG'
     remote-vx.c

`test'
     (Define this to enable testing code in regex.c.)

   Motorola M68K target conditionals.

`BPT_VECTOR'
     Define this to be the 4-bit location of the breakpoint trap vector.
     If not defined, it will default to `0xf'.

`REMOTE_BPT_VECTOR'
     Defaults to `1'.


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Native Conditionals,  Next: Obsolete Conditionals,  Prev: Target Conditionals,  Up: Top

Native Conditionals
*******************

   When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or
left undefined, to control compilation when the host and target systems
are the same.  These macros should be defined (or left undefined) in
`nm-SYSTEM.h'.

`ATTACH_DETACH'
     If defined, then GDB will include support for the `attach' and
     `detach' commands.

`CHILD_PREPARE_TO_STORE'
     If the machine stores all registers at once in the child process,
     then define this to ensure that all values are correct.  This
     usually entails a read from the child.

     [Note that this is incorrectly defined in `xm-SYSTEM.h' files
     currently.]

`FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS'
     Define this if the native-dependent code will provide its own
     routines `fetch_inferior_registers' and `store_inferior_registers'
     in `HOST-nat.c'.  If this symbol is *not* defined, and
     `infptrace.c' is included in this configuration, the default
     routines in `infptrace.c' are used for these functions.

`FILES_INFO_HOOK'
     (Only defined for Convex.)

`FP0_REGNUM'
     This macro is normally defined to be the number of the first
     floating point register, if the machine has such registers.  As
     such, it would appear only in target-specific code.  However,
     /proc support uses this to decide whether floats are in use on
     this target.

`GET_LONGJMP_TARGET'
     For most machines, this is a target-dependent parameter.  On the
     DECstation and the Iris, this is a native-dependent parameter,
     since <setjmp.h> is needed to define it.

     This macro determines the target PC address that longjmp() will
     jump to, assuming that we have just stopped at a longjmp
     breakpoint.  It takes a CORE_ADDR * as argument, and stores the
     target PC value through this pointer.  It examines the current
     state of the machine as needed.

`ONE_PROCESS_WRITETEXT'
     Define this to be able to, when a breakpoint insertion fails, warn
     the user that another process may be running with the same
     executable.

`PROC_NAME_FMT'
     Defines the format for the name of a `/proc' device.  Should be
     defined in `nm.h' *only* in order to override the default
     definition in `procfs.c'.

`PTRACE_FP_BUG'
     mach386-xdep.c

`PTRACE_ARG3_TYPE'
     The type of the third argument to the `ptrace' system call, if it
     exists and is different from `int'.

`REGISTER_U_ADDR'
     Defines the offset of the registers in the "u area"; *note Host::..

`SHELL_COMMAND_CONCAT'
     If defined, is a string to prefix on the shell command used to
     start the inferior.

`SHELL_FILE'
     If defined, this is the name of the shell to use to run the
     inferior.  Defaults to `"/bin/sh"'.

`SOLIB_ADD (filename, from_tty, targ)'
     Define this to expand into an expression that will cause the
     symbols in FILENAME to be added to GDB's symbol table.

`SOLIB_CREATE_INFERIOR_HOOK'
     Define this to expand into any shared-library-relocation code that
     you want to be run just after the child process has been forked.

`START_INFERIOR_TRAPS_EXPECTED'
     When starting an inferior, GDB normally expects to trap twice;
     once when the shell execs, and once when the program itself execs.
     If the actual number of traps is something other than 2, then
     define this macro to expand into the number expected.

`SVR4_SHARED_LIBS'
     Define this to indicate that SVR4-style shared libraries are in
     use.

`USE_PROC_FS'
     This determines whether small routines in `*-tdep.c', which
     translate register values between GDB's internal representation
     and the /proc representation, are compiled.

`U_REGS_OFFSET'
     This is the offset of the registers in the upage.  It need only be
     defined if the generic ptrace register access routines in
     `infptrace.c' are being used (that is, `infptrace.c' is configured
     in, and `FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS' is not defined).  If the
     default value from `infptrace.c' is good enough, leave it
     undefined.

     The default value means that u.u_ar0 *points to* the location of
     the registers.  I'm guessing that `#define U_REGS_OFFSET 0' means
     that u.u_ar0 *is* the location of the registers.

`CLEAR_SOLIB'
     objfiles.c

`DEBUG_PTRACE'
     Define this to debug ptrace calls.


File: gdbint.info,  Node: Obsolete Conditionals,  Next: XCOFF,  Prev: Native Conditionals,  Up: Top

Obsolete Conditionals
*********************

   Fragments of old code in GDB sometimes reference or set the following
configuration macros.  They should not be used by new code, and old
uses should be removed as those parts of the debugger are otherwise
touched.

`STACK_END_ADDR'
     This macro used to define where the end of the stack appeared, for
     use in interpreting core file formats that don't record this
     address in the core file itself.  This information is now
     configured in BFD, and GDB gets the info portably from there.  The
     values in GDB's configuration files should be moved into BFD
     configuration files (if needed there), and deleted from all of
     GDB's config files.

     Any `FOO-xdep.c' file that references STACK_END_ADDR is so old
     that it has never been converted to use BFD.  Now that's old!

`PYRAMID_CONTROL_FRAME_DEBUGGING'
     pyr-xdep.c

`PYRAMID_CORE'
     pyr-xdep.c

`PYRAMID_PTRACE'
     pyr-xdep.c

`REG_STACK_SEGMENT'
     exec.c


File: gdbint.info,  Node: XCOFF,  Prev: Obsolete Conditionals,  Up: Top

The XCOFF Object File Format
****************************

   The IBM RS/6000 running AIX uses an object file format called xcoff.
The COFF sections, symbols, and line numbers are used, but debugging
symbols are dbx-style stabs whose strings are located in the `.debug'
section (rather than the string table).  For more information, *Note
Top: (stabs)Top, and search for XCOFF.

   The shared library scheme has a nice clean interface for figuring out
what shared libraries are in use, but the catch is that everything which
refers to addresses (symbol tables and breakpoints at least) needs to be
relocated for both shared libraries and the main executable.  At least
using the standard mechanism this can only be done once the program has
been run (or the core file has been read).


