# Copyright (c) 2001-2010 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.


"""
Test cases for defer module.
"""

import gc

from twisted.trial import unittest, util
from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
from twisted.python import failure, log

from twisted.internet.task import Clock

class GenericError(Exception):
    pass


_setTimeoutSuppression = util.suppress(
    message="Deferred.setTimeout is deprecated.  Look for timeout "
            "support specific to the API you are using instead.",
    category=DeprecationWarning)


class DeferredTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.callbackResults = None
        self.errbackResults = None
        self.callback2Results = None

    def _callback(self, *args, **kw):
        self.callbackResults = args, kw
        return args[0]

    def _callback2(self, *args, **kw):
        self.callback2Results = args, kw

    def _errback(self, *args, **kw):
        self.errbackResults = args, kw

    def testCallbackWithoutArgs(self):
        deferred = defer.Deferred()
        deferred.addCallback(self._callback)
        deferred.callback("hello")
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.errbackResults, None)
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.callbackResults, (('hello',), {}))

    def testCallbackWithArgs(self):
        deferred = defer.Deferred()
        deferred.addCallback(self._callback, "world")
        deferred.callback("hello")
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.errbackResults, None)
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.callbackResults, (('hello', 'world'), {}))

    def testCallbackWithKwArgs(self):
        deferred = defer.Deferred()
        deferred.addCallback(self._callback, world="world")
        deferred.callback("hello")
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.errbackResults, None)
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.callbackResults,
                             (('hello',), {'world': 'world'}))

    def testTwoCallbacks(self):
        deferred = defer.Deferred()
        deferred.addCallback(self._callback)
        deferred.addCallback(self._callback2)
        deferred.callback("hello")
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.errbackResults, None)
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.callbackResults,
                             (('hello',), {}))
        self.failUnlessEqual(self.callback2Results,
                             (('hello',), {}))

    def testDeferredList(self):
        defr1 = defer.Deferred()
        defr2 = defer.Deferred()
        defr3 = defer.Deferred()
        dl = defer.DeferredList([defr1, defr2, defr3])
        result = []
        def cb(resultList, result=result):
            result.extend(resultList)
        def catch(err):
            return None
        dl.addCallbacks(cb, cb)
        defr1.callback("1")
        defr2.addErrback(catch)
        # "catch" is added to eat the GenericError that will be passed on by
        # the DeferredList's callback on defr2. If left unhandled, the
        # Failure object would cause a log.err() warning about "Unhandled
        # error in Deferred". Twisted's pyunit watches for log.err calls and
        # treats them as failures. So "catch" must eat the error to prevent
        # it from flunking the test.
        defr2.errback(GenericError("2"))
        defr3.callback("3")
        self.failUnlessEqual([result[0],
                    #result[1][1] is now a Failure instead of an Exception
                              (result[1][0], str(result[1][1].value)),
                              result[2]],

                             [(defer.SUCCESS, "1"),
                              (defer.FAILURE, "2"),
                              (defer.SUCCESS, "3")])

    def testEmptyDeferredList(self):
        result = []
        def cb(resultList, result=result):
            result.append(resultList)

        dl = defer.DeferredList([])
        dl.addCallbacks(cb)
        self.failUnlessEqual(result, [[]])

        result[:] = []
        dl = defer.DeferredList([], fireOnOneCallback=1)
        dl.addCallbacks(cb)
        self.failUnlessEqual(result, [])

    def testDeferredListFireOnOneError(self):
        defr1 = defer.Deferred()
        defr2 = defer.Deferred()
        defr3 = defer.Deferred()
        dl = defer.DeferredList([defr1, defr2, defr3], fireOnOneErrback=1)
        result = []
        dl.addErrback(result.append)

        # consume errors after they pass through the DeferredList (to avoid
        # 'Unhandled error in Deferred'.
        def catch(err):
            return None
        defr2.addErrback(catch)

        # fire one Deferred's callback, no result yet
        defr1.callback("1")
        self.failUnlessEqual(result, [])

        # fire one Deferred's errback -- now we have a result
        defr2.errback(GenericError("from def2"))
        self.failUnlessEqual(len(result), 1)

        # extract the result from the list
        aFailure = result[0]

        # the type of the failure is a FirstError
        self.failUnless(issubclass(aFailure.type, defer.FirstError),
            'issubclass(aFailure.type, defer.FirstError) failed: '
            "failure's type is %r" % (aFailure.type,)
        )

        firstError = aFailure.value

        # check that the GenericError("2") from the deferred at index 1
        # (defr2) is intact inside failure.value
        self.failUnlessEqual(firstError.subFailure.type, GenericError)
        self.failUnlessEqual(firstError.subFailure.value.args, ("from def2",))
        self.failUnlessEqual(firstError.index, 1)


    def testDeferredListDontConsumeErrors(self):
        d1 = defer.Deferred()
        dl = defer.DeferredList([d1])

        errorTrap = []
        d1.addErrback(errorTrap.append)

        result = []
        dl.addCallback(result.append)

        d1.errback(GenericError('Bang'))
        self.failUnlessEqual('Bang', errorTrap[0].value.args[0])
        self.failUnlessEqual(1, len(result))
        self.failUnlessEqual('Bang', result[0][0][1].value.args[0])

    def testDeferredListConsumeErrors(self):
        d1 = defer.Deferred()
        dl = defer.DeferredList([d1], consumeErrors=True)

        errorTrap = []
        d1.addErrback(errorTrap.append)

        result = []
        dl.addCallback(result.append)

        d1.errback(GenericError('Bang'))
        self.failUnlessEqual([], errorTrap)
        self.failUnlessEqual(1, len(result))
        self.failUnlessEqual('Bang', result[0][0][1].value.args[0])

    def testDeferredListFireOnOneErrorWithAlreadyFiredDeferreds(self):
        # Create some deferreds, and errback one
        d1 = defer.Deferred()
        d2 = defer.Deferred()
        d1.errback(GenericError('Bang'))

        # *Then* build the DeferredList, with fireOnOneErrback=True
        dl = defer.DeferredList([d1, d2], fireOnOneErrback=True)
        result = []
        dl.addErrback(result.append)
        self.failUnlessEqual(1, len(result))

        d1.addErrback(lambda e: None)  # Swallow error

    def testDeferredListWithAlreadyFiredDeferreds(self):
        # Create some deferreds, and err one, call the other
        d1 = defer.Deferred()
        d2 = defer.Deferred()
        d1.errback(GenericError('Bang'))
        d2.callback(2)

        # *Then* build the DeferredList
        dl = defer.DeferredList([d1, d2])

        result = []
        dl.addCallback(result.append)

        self.failUnlessEqual(1, len(result))

        d1.addErrback(lambda e: None)  # Swallow error

    def testTimeOut(self):
        """
        Test that a Deferred which has setTimeout called on it and never has
        C{callback} or C{errback} called on it eventually fails with a
        L{error.TimeoutError}.
        """
        L = []
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.setTimeout(0.01)
        self.assertFailure(d, defer.TimeoutError)
        d.addCallback(L.append)
        self.failIf(L, "Deferred failed too soon.")
        return d
    testTimeOut.suppress = [_setTimeoutSuppression]


    def testImmediateSuccess(self):
        l = []
        d = defer.succeed("success")
        d.addCallback(l.append)
        self.assertEquals(l, ["success"])


    def test_immediateSuccessBeforeTimeout(self):
        """
        Test that a synchronously successful Deferred is not affected by a
        C{setTimeout} call.
        """
        l = []
        d = defer.succeed("success")
        d.setTimeout(1.0)
        d.addCallback(l.append)
        self.assertEquals(l, ["success"])
    test_immediateSuccessBeforeTimeout.suppress = [_setTimeoutSuppression]


    def testImmediateFailure(self):
        l = []
        d = defer.fail(GenericError("fail"))
        d.addErrback(l.append)
        self.assertEquals(str(l[0].value), "fail")

    def testPausedFailure(self):
        l = []
        d = defer.fail(GenericError("fail"))
        d.pause()
        d.addErrback(l.append)
        self.assertEquals(l, [])
        d.unpause()
        self.assertEquals(str(l[0].value), "fail")

    def testCallbackErrors(self):
        l = []
        d = defer.Deferred().addCallback(lambda _: 1/0).addErrback(l.append)
        d.callback(1)
        self.assert_(isinstance(l[0].value, ZeroDivisionError))
        l = []
        d = defer.Deferred().addCallback(
            lambda _: failure.Failure(ZeroDivisionError())).addErrback(l.append)
        d.callback(1)
        self.assert_(isinstance(l[0].value, ZeroDivisionError))

    def testUnpauseBeforeCallback(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.pause()
        d.addCallback(self._callback)
        d.unpause()

    def testReturnDeferred(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d2 = defer.Deferred()
        d2.pause()
        d.addCallback(lambda r, d2=d2: d2)
        d.addCallback(self._callback)
        d.callback(1)
        assert self.callbackResults is None, "Should not have been called yet."
        d2.callback(2)
        assert self.callbackResults is None, "Still should not have been called yet."
        d2.unpause()
        assert self.callbackResults[0][0] == 2, "Result should have been from second deferred:%s"% (self.callbackResults,)

    def testGatherResults(self):
        # test successful list of deferreds
        l = []
        defer.gatherResults([defer.succeed(1), defer.succeed(2)]).addCallback(l.append)
        self.assertEquals(l, [[1, 2]])
        # test failing list of deferreds
        l = []
        dl = [defer.succeed(1), defer.fail(ValueError)]
        defer.gatherResults(dl).addErrback(l.append)
        self.assertEquals(len(l), 1)
        self.assert_(isinstance(l[0], failure.Failure))
        # get rid of error
        dl[1].addErrback(lambda e: 1)


    def test_maybeDeferredSync(self):
        """
        L{defer.maybeDeferred} should retrieve the result of a synchronous
        function and pass it to its resulting L{defer.Deferred}.
        """
        S, E = [], []
        d = defer.maybeDeferred((lambda x: x + 5), 10)
        d.addCallbacks(S.append, E.append)
        self.assertEquals(E, [])
        self.assertEquals(S, [15])
        return d


    def test_maybeDeferredSyncError(self):
        """
        L{defer.maybeDeferred} should catch exception raised by a synchronous
        function and errback its resulting L{defer.Deferred} with it.
        """
        S, E = [], []
        try:
            '10' + 5
        except TypeError, e:
            expected = str(e)
        d = defer.maybeDeferred((lambda x: x + 5), '10')
        d.addCallbacks(S.append, E.append)
        self.assertEquals(S, [])
        self.assertEquals(len(E), 1)
        self.assertEquals(str(E[0].value), expected)
        return d


    def test_maybeDeferredAsync(self):
        """
        L{defer.maybeDeferred} should let L{defer.Deferred} instance pass by
        so that original result is the same.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d2 = defer.maybeDeferred(lambda: d)
        d.callback('Success')
        return d2.addCallback(self.assertEquals, 'Success')


    def test_maybeDeferredAsyncError(self):
        """
        L{defer.maybeDeferred} should let L{defer.Deferred} instance pass by
        so that L{failure.Failure} returned by the original instance is the
        same.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d2 = defer.maybeDeferred(lambda: d)
        d.errback(failure.Failure(RuntimeError()))
        return self.assertFailure(d2, RuntimeError)


    def test_reentrantRunCallbacks(self):
        """
        A callback added to a L{Deferred} by a callback on that L{Deferred}
        should be added to the end of the callback chain.
        """
        deferred = defer.Deferred()
        called = []
        def callback3(result):
            called.append(3)
        def callback2(result):
            called.append(2)
        def callback1(result):
            called.append(1)
            deferred.addCallback(callback3)
        deferred.addCallback(callback1)
        deferred.addCallback(callback2)
        deferred.callback(None)
        self.assertEqual(called, [1, 2, 3])


    def test_nonReentrantCallbacks(self):
        """
        A callback added to a L{Deferred} by a callback on that L{Deferred}
        should not be executed until the running callback returns.
        """
        deferred = defer.Deferred()
        called = []
        def callback2(result):
            called.append(2)
        def callback1(result):
            called.append(1)
            deferred.addCallback(callback2)
            self.assertEquals(called, [1])
        deferred.addCallback(callback1)
        deferred.callback(None)
        self.assertEqual(called, [1, 2])


    def test_reentrantRunCallbacksWithFailure(self):
        """
        After an exception is raised by a callback which was added to a
        L{Deferred} by a callback on that L{Deferred}, the L{Deferred} should
        call the first errback with a L{Failure} wrapping that exception.
        """
        exceptionMessage = "callback raised exception"
        deferred = defer.Deferred()
        def callback2(result):
            raise Exception(exceptionMessage)
        def callback1(result):
            deferred.addCallback(callback2)
        deferred.addCallback(callback1)
        deferred.callback(None)
        self.assertFailure(deferred, Exception)
        def cbFailed(exception):
            self.assertEqual(exception.args, (exceptionMessage,))
        deferred.addCallback(cbFailed)
        return deferred



class FirstErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Tests for L{FirstError}.
    """
    def test_repr(self):
        """
        The repr of a L{FirstError} instance includes the repr of the value of
        the sub-failure and the index which corresponds to the L{FirstError}.
        """
        exc = ValueError("some text")
        try:
            raise exc
        except:
            f = failure.Failure()

        error = defer.FirstError(f, 3)
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(error),
            "FirstError[#3, %s]" % (repr(exc),))


    def test_str(self):
        """
        The str of a L{FirstError} instance includes the str of the
        sub-failure and the index which corresponds to the L{FirstError}.
        """
        exc = ValueError("some text")
        try:
            raise exc
        except:
            f = failure.Failure()

        error = defer.FirstError(f, 5)
        self.assertEqual(
            str(error),
            "FirstError[#5, %s]" % (str(f),))


    def test_comparison(self):
        """
        L{FirstError} instances compare equal to each other if and only if
        their failure and index compare equal.  L{FirstError} instances do not
        compare equal to instances of other types.
        """
        try:
            1 / 0
        except:
            firstFailure = failure.Failure()

        one = defer.FirstError(firstFailure, 13)
        anotherOne = defer.FirstError(firstFailure, 13)

        try:
            raise ValueError("bar")
        except:
            secondFailure = failure.Failure()

        another = defer.FirstError(secondFailure, 9)

        self.assertTrue(one == anotherOne)
        self.assertFalse(one == another)
        self.assertTrue(one != another)
        self.assertFalse(one != anotherOne)

        self.assertFalse(one == 10)



class AlreadyCalledTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self._deferredWasDebugging = defer.getDebugging()
        defer.setDebugging(True)

    def tearDown(self):
        defer.setDebugging(self._deferredWasDebugging)

    def _callback(self, *args, **kw):
        pass
    def _errback(self, *args, **kw):
        pass

    def _call_1(self, d):
        d.callback("hello")
    def _call_2(self, d):
        d.callback("twice")
    def _err_1(self, d):
        d.errback(failure.Failure(RuntimeError()))
    def _err_2(self, d):
        d.errback(failure.Failure(RuntimeError()))

    def testAlreadyCalled_CC(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._call_1(d)
        self.failUnlessRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, self._call_2, d)

    def testAlreadyCalled_CE(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._call_1(d)
        self.failUnlessRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, self._err_2, d)

    def testAlreadyCalled_EE(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._err_1(d)
        self.failUnlessRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, self._err_2, d)

    def testAlreadyCalled_EC(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._err_1(d)
        self.failUnlessRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, self._call_2, d)


    def _count(self, linetype, func, lines, expected):
        count = 0
        for line in lines:
            if (line.startswith(' %s:' % linetype) and
                line.endswith(' %s' % func)):
                count += 1
        self.failUnless(count == expected)

    def _check(self, e, caller, invoker1, invoker2):
        # make sure the debugging information is vaguely correct
        lines = e.args[0].split("\n")
        # the creator should list the creator (testAlreadyCalledDebug) but not
        # _call_1 or _call_2 or other invokers
        self._count('C', caller, lines, 1)
        self._count('C', '_call_1', lines, 0)
        self._count('C', '_call_2', lines, 0)
        self._count('C', '_err_1', lines, 0)
        self._count('C', '_err_2', lines, 0)
        # invoker should list the first invoker but not the second
        self._count('I', invoker1, lines, 1)
        self._count('I', invoker2, lines, 0)

    def testAlreadyCalledDebug_CC(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._call_1(d)
        try:
            self._call_2(d)
        except defer.AlreadyCalledError, e:
            self._check(e, "testAlreadyCalledDebug_CC", "_call_1", "_call_2")
        else:
            self.fail("second callback failed to raise AlreadyCalledError")

    def testAlreadyCalledDebug_CE(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._call_1(d)
        try:
            self._err_2(d)
        except defer.AlreadyCalledError, e:
            self._check(e, "testAlreadyCalledDebug_CE", "_call_1", "_err_2")
        else:
            self.fail("second errback failed to raise AlreadyCalledError")

    def testAlreadyCalledDebug_EC(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._err_1(d)
        try:
            self._call_2(d)
        except defer.AlreadyCalledError, e:
            self._check(e, "testAlreadyCalledDebug_EC", "_err_1", "_call_2")
        else:
            self.fail("second callback failed to raise AlreadyCalledError")

    def testAlreadyCalledDebug_EE(self):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._err_1(d)
        try:
            self._err_2(d)
        except defer.AlreadyCalledError, e:
            self._check(e, "testAlreadyCalledDebug_EE", "_err_1", "_err_2")
        else:
            self.fail("second errback failed to raise AlreadyCalledError")

    def testNoDebugging(self):
        defer.setDebugging(False)
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        self._call_1(d)
        try:
            self._call_2(d)
        except defer.AlreadyCalledError, e:
            self.failIf(e.args)
        else:
            self.fail("second callback failed to raise AlreadyCalledError")


    def testSwitchDebugging(self):
        # Make sure Deferreds can deal with debug state flipping
        # around randomly.  This is covering a particular fixed bug.
        defer.setDebugging(False)
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addBoth(lambda ign: None)
        defer.setDebugging(True)
        d.callback(None)

        defer.setDebugging(False)
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.callback(None)
        defer.setDebugging(True)
        d.addBoth(lambda ign: None)



class DeferredCancellerTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.callbackResults = None
        self.errbackResults = None
        self.callback2Results = None
        self.cancellerCallCount = 0


    def tearDown(self):
        # Sanity check that the canceller was called at most once.
        self.assertTrue(self.cancellerCallCount in (0, 1))


    def _callback(self, data):
        self.callbackResults = data
        return data


    def _callback2(self, data):
        self.callback2Results = data


    def _errback(self, data):
        self.errbackResults = data


    def test_noCanceller(self):
        """
        A L{defer.Deferred} without a canceller must errback with a
        L{defer.CancelledError} and not callback.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, defer.CancelledError)
        self.assertEquals(self.callbackResults, None)


    def test_raisesAfterCancelAndCallback(self):
        """
        A L{defer.Deferred} without a canceller, when cancelled must allow
        a single extra call to callback, and raise
        L{defer.AlreadyCalledError} if callbacked or errbacked thereafter.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()

        # A single extra callback should be swallowed.
        d.callback(None)

        # But a second call to callback or errback is not.
        self.assertRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, d.callback, None)
        self.assertRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, d.errback, Exception())


    def test_raisesAfterCancelAndErrback(self):
        """
        A L{defer.Deferred} without a canceller, when cancelled must allow
        a single extra call to errback, and raise
        L{defer.AlreadyCalledError} if callbacked or errbacked thereafter.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()

        # A single extra errback should be swallowed.
        d.errback(Exception())

        # But a second call to callback or errback is not.
        self.assertRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, d.callback, None)
        self.assertRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, d.errback, Exception())


    def test_noCancellerMultipleCancelsAfterCancelAndCallback(self):
        """
        A L{Deferred} without a canceller, when cancelled and then
        callbacked, ignores multiple cancels thereafter.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        currentFailure = self.errbackResults
        # One callback will be ignored
        d.callback(None)
        # Cancel should have no effect.
        d.cancel()
        self.assertIdentical(currentFailure, self.errbackResults)


    def test_noCancellerMultipleCancelsAfterCancelAndErrback(self):
        """
        A L{defer.Deferred} without a canceller, when cancelled and then
        errbacked, ignores multiple cancels thereafter.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, defer.CancelledError)
        currentFailure = self.errbackResults
        # One errback will be ignored
        d.errback(GenericError())
        # I.e., we should still have a CancelledError.
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, defer.CancelledError)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertIdentical(currentFailure, self.errbackResults)


    def test_noCancellerMultipleCancel(self):
        """
        Calling cancel multiple times on a deferred with no canceller
        results in a L{defer.CancelledError}. Subsequent calls to cancel
        do not cause an error.
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, defer.CancelledError)
        currentFailure = self.errbackResults
        d.cancel()
        self.assertIdentical(currentFailure, self.errbackResults)


    def test_cancellerMultipleCancel(self):
        """
        Verify that calling cancel multiple times on a deferred with a
        canceller that does not errback results in a
        L{defer.CancelledError} and that subsequent calls to cancel do not
        cause an error and that after all that, the canceller was only
        called once.
        """
        def cancel(d):
            self.cancellerCallCount += 1

        d = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, defer.CancelledError)
        currentFailure = self.errbackResults
        d.cancel()
        self.assertIdentical(currentFailure, self.errbackResults)
        self.assertEquals(self.cancellerCallCount, 1)


    def test_simpleCanceller(self):
        """
        Verify that a L{defer.Deferred} calls its specified canceller when
        it is cancelled, and that further call/errbacks raise
        L{defer.AlreadyCalledError}.
        """
        def cancel(d):
            self.cancellerCallCount += 1

        d = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.cancellerCallCount, 1)
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, defer.CancelledError)

        # Test that further call/errbacks are *not* swallowed
        self.assertRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, d.callback, None)
        self.assertRaises(defer.AlreadyCalledError, d.errback, Exception())


    def test_cancellerArg(self):
        """
        Verify that a canceller is given the correct deferred argument.
        """
        def cancel(d1):
            self.assertIdentical(d1, d)
        d = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()


    def test_cancelAfterCallback(self):
        """
        Test that cancelling a deferred after it has been callbacked does
        not cause an error.
        """
        def cancel(d):
            self.cancellerCallCount += 1
            d.errback(GenericError())
        d = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.callback('biff!')
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.cancellerCallCount, 0)
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults, None)
        self.assertEquals(self.callbackResults, 'biff!')


    def test_cancelAfterErrback(self):
        """
        Test that cancelling a L{Deferred} after it has been errbacked does
        not result in a L{defer.CancelledError}.
        """
        def cancel(d):
            self.cancellerCallCount += 1
            d.errback(GenericError())
        d = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.errback(GenericError())
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.cancellerCallCount, 0)
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, GenericError)
        self.assertEquals(self.callbackResults, None)


    def test_cancellerThatErrbacks(self):
        """
        Test a canceller which errbacks its deferred.
        """
        def cancel(d):
            self.cancellerCallCount += 1
            d.errback(GenericError())
        d = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.cancellerCallCount, 1)
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, GenericError)


    def test_cancellerThatCallbacks(self):
        """
        Test a canceller which calls its deferred.
        """
        def cancel(d):
            self.cancellerCallCount += 1
            d.callback('hello!')
        d = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        d.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.cancellerCallCount, 1)
        self.assertEquals(self.callbackResults, 'hello!')
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults, None)


    def test_cancelNestedDeferred(self):
        """
        Verify that a Deferred, a, which is waiting on another Deferred, b,
        returned from one of its callbacks, will propagate
        L{defer.CancelledError} when a is cancelled.
        """
        def innerCancel(d):
            self.cancellerCallCount += 1
        def cancel(d):
            self.assert_(False)

        b = defer.Deferred(canceller=innerCancel)
        a = defer.Deferred(canceller=cancel)
        a.callback(None)
        a.addCallback(lambda data: b)
        a.cancel()
        a.addCallbacks(self._callback, self._errback)
        # The cancel count should be one (the cancellation done by B)
        self.assertEquals(self.cancellerCallCount, 1)
        # B's canceller didn't errback, so defer.py will have called errback
        # with a CancelledError.
        self.assertEquals(self.errbackResults.type, defer.CancelledError)



class LogTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Test logging of unhandled errors.
    """

    def setUp(self):
        """
        Add a custom observer to observer logging.
        """
        self.c = []
        log.addObserver(self.c.append)

    def tearDown(self):
        """
        Remove the observer.
        """
        log.removeObserver(self.c.append)

    def _check(self):
        """
        Check the output of the log observer to see if the error is present.
        """
        c2 = [e for e in self.c if e["isError"]]
        self.assertEquals(len(c2), 2)
        c2[1]["failure"].trap(ZeroDivisionError)
        self.flushLoggedErrors(ZeroDivisionError)

    def test_errorLog(self):
        """
        Verify that when a L{Deferred} with no references to it is fired,
        and its final result (the one not handled by any callback) is an
        exception, that exception will be logged immediately.
        """
        defer.Deferred().addCallback(lambda x: 1/0).callback(1)
        gc.collect()
        self._check()

    def test_errorLogWithInnerFrameRef(self):
        """
        Same as L{test_errorLog}, but with an inner frame.
        """
        def _subErrorLogWithInnerFrameRef():
            d = defer.Deferred()
            d.addCallback(lambda x: 1/0)
            d.callback(1)

        _subErrorLogWithInnerFrameRef()
        gc.collect()
        self._check()

    def test_errorLogWithInnerFrameCycle(self):
        """
        Same as L{test_errorLogWithInnerFrameRef}, plus create a cycle.
        """
        def _subErrorLogWithInnerFrameCycle():
            d = defer.Deferred()
            d.addCallback(lambda x, d=d: 1/0)
            d._d = d
            d.callback(1)

        _subErrorLogWithInnerFrameCycle()
        gc.collect()
        self._check()


class DeferredTestCaseII(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.callbackRan = 0

    def testDeferredListEmpty(self):
        """Testing empty DeferredList."""
        dl = defer.DeferredList([])
        dl.addCallback(self.cb_empty)

    def cb_empty(self, res):
        self.callbackRan = 1
        self.failUnlessEqual([], res)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.failUnless(self.callbackRan, "Callback was never run.")

class OtherPrimitives(unittest.TestCase):
    def _incr(self, result):
        self.counter += 1

    def setUp(self):
        self.counter = 0

    def testLock(self):
        lock = defer.DeferredLock()
        lock.acquire().addCallback(self._incr)
        self.failUnless(lock.locked)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, 1)

        lock.acquire().addCallback(self._incr)
        self.failUnless(lock.locked)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, 1)

        lock.release()
        self.failUnless(lock.locked)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, 2)

        lock.release()
        self.failIf(lock.locked)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, 2)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lock.run)

        firstUnique = object()
        secondUnique = object()

        controlDeferred = defer.Deferred()
        def helper(self, b):
            self.b = b
            return controlDeferred

        resultDeferred = lock.run(helper, self=self, b=firstUnique)
        self.failUnless(lock.locked)
        self.assertEquals(self.b, firstUnique)

        resultDeferred.addCallback(lambda x: setattr(self, 'result', x))

        lock.acquire().addCallback(self._incr)
        self.failUnless(lock.locked)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, 2)

        controlDeferred.callback(secondUnique)
        self.assertEquals(self.result, secondUnique)
        self.failUnless(lock.locked)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, 3)

        d = lock.acquire().addBoth(lambda x: setattr(self, 'result', x))
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(self.result.type, defer.CancelledError)

        lock.release()
        self.failIf(lock.locked)


    def test_cancelLockAfterAcquired(self):
        """
        When canceling a L{Deferred} from a L{DeferredLock} that already
        has the lock, the cancel should have no effect.
        """
        def _failOnErrback(_):
            self.fail("Unexpected errback call!")
        lock = defer.DeferredLock()
        d = lock.acquire()
        d.addErrback(_failOnErrback)
        d.cancel()


    def test_cancelLockBeforeAcquired(self):
        """
        When canceling a L{Deferred} from a L{DeferredLock} that does not
        yet have the lock (i.e., the L{Deferred} has not fired), the cancel
        should cause a L{defer.CancelledError} failure.
        """
        lock = defer.DeferredLock()
        lock.acquire()
        d = lock.acquire()
        self.assertFailure(d, defer.CancelledError)
        d.cancel()


    def testSemaphore(self):
        N = 13
        sem = defer.DeferredSemaphore(N)

        controlDeferred = defer.Deferred()
        def helper(self, arg):
            self.arg = arg
            return controlDeferred

        results = []
        uniqueObject = object()
        resultDeferred = sem.run(helper, self=self, arg=uniqueObject)
        resultDeferred.addCallback(results.append)
        resultDeferred.addCallback(self._incr)
        self.assertEquals(results, [])
        self.assertEquals(self.arg, uniqueObject)
        controlDeferred.callback(None)
        self.assertEquals(results.pop(), None)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, 1)

        self.counter = 0
        for i in range(1, 1 + N):
            sem.acquire().addCallback(self._incr)
            self.assertEquals(self.counter, i)


        success = []
        def fail(r):
            success.append(False)
        def succeed(r):
            success.append(True)
        d = sem.acquire().addCallbacks(fail, succeed)
        d.cancel()
        self.assertEquals(success, [True])

        sem.acquire().addCallback(self._incr)
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, N)

        sem.release()
        self.assertEquals(self.counter, N + 1)

        for i in range(1, 1 + N):
            sem.release()
            self.assertEquals(self.counter, N + 1)


    def test_semaphoreInvalidTokens(self):
        """
        If the token count passed to L{DeferredSemaphore} is less than one
        then L{ValueError} is raised.
        """
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, defer.DeferredSemaphore, 0)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, defer.DeferredSemaphore, -1)


    def test_cancelSemaphoreAfterAcquired(self):
        """
        When canceling a L{Deferred} from a L{DeferredSemaphore} that
        already has the semaphore, the cancel should have no effect.
        """
        def _failOnErrback(_):
            self.fail("Unexpected errback call!")

        sem = defer.DeferredSemaphore(1)
        d = sem.acquire()
        d.addErrback(_failOnErrback)
        d.cancel()


    def test_cancelSemaphoreBeforeAcquired(self):
        """
        When canceling a L{Deferred} from a L{DeferredSemaphore} that does
        not yet have the semaphore (i.e., the L{Deferred} has not fired),
        the cancel should cause a L{defer.CancelledError} failure.
        """
        sem = defer.DeferredSemaphore(1)
        sem.acquire()
        d = sem.acquire()
        self.assertFailure(d, defer.CancelledError)
        d.cancel()
        return d


    def testQueue(self):
        N, M = 2, 2
        queue = defer.DeferredQueue(N, M)

        gotten = []

        for i in range(M):
            queue.get().addCallback(gotten.append)
        self.assertRaises(defer.QueueUnderflow, queue.get)

        for i in range(M):
            queue.put(i)
            self.assertEquals(gotten, range(i + 1))
        for i in range(N):
            queue.put(N + i)
            self.assertEquals(gotten, range(M))
        self.assertRaises(defer.QueueOverflow, queue.put, None)

        gotten = []
        for i in range(N):
            queue.get().addCallback(gotten.append)
            self.assertEquals(gotten, range(N, N + i + 1))

        queue = defer.DeferredQueue()
        gotten = []
        for i in range(N):
            queue.get().addCallback(gotten.append)
        for i in range(N):
            queue.put(i)
        self.assertEquals(gotten, range(N))

        queue = defer.DeferredQueue(size=0)
        self.assertRaises(defer.QueueOverflow, queue.put, None)

        queue = defer.DeferredQueue(backlog=0)
        self.assertRaises(defer.QueueUnderflow, queue.get)


    def test_cancelQueueAfterSynchronousGet(self):
        """
        When canceling a L{Deferred} from a L{DeferredQueue} that already has
        a result, the cancel should have no effect.
        """
        def _failOnErrback(_):
            self.fail("Unexpected errback call!")

        queue = defer.DeferredQueue()
        d = queue.get()
        d.addErrback(_failOnErrback)
        queue.put(None)
        d.cancel()


    def test_cancelQueueAfterGet(self):
        """
        When canceling a L{Deferred} from a L{DeferredQueue} that does not
        have a result (i.e., the L{Deferred} has not fired), the cancel
        causes a L{defer.CancelledError} failure. If the queue has a result
        later on, it doesn't try to fire the deferred.
        """
        queue = defer.DeferredQueue()
        d = queue.get()
        self.assertFailure(d, defer.CancelledError)
        d.cancel()
        def cb(ignore):
            # If the deferred is still linked with the deferred queue, it will
            # fail with an AlreadyCalledError
            queue.put(None)
            return queue.get().addCallback(self.assertIdentical, None)
        return d.addCallback(cb)



class DeferredFilesystemLockTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Test the behavior of L{DeferredFilesystemLock}
    """
    def setUp(self):
        self.clock = Clock()
        self.lock = defer.DeferredFilesystemLock(self.mktemp(),
                                                 scheduler=self.clock)


    def test_waitUntilLockedWithNoLock(self):
        """
        Test that the lock can be acquired when no lock is held
        """
        d = self.lock.deferUntilLocked(timeout=1)

        return d


    def test_waitUntilLockedWithTimeoutLocked(self):
        """
        Test that the lock can not be acquired when the lock is held
        for longer than the timeout.
        """
        self.failUnless(self.lock.lock())

        d = self.lock.deferUntilLocked(timeout=5.5)
        self.assertFailure(d, defer.TimeoutError)

        self.clock.pump([1]*10)

        return d


    def test_waitUntilLockedWithTimeoutUnlocked(self):
        """
        Test that a lock can be acquired while a lock is held
        but the lock is unlocked before our timeout.
        """
        def onTimeout(f):
            f.trap(defer.TimeoutError)
            self.fail("Should not have timed out")

        self.failUnless(self.lock.lock())

        self.clock.callLater(1, self.lock.unlock)
        d = self.lock.deferUntilLocked(timeout=10)
        d.addErrback(onTimeout)

        self.clock.pump([1]*10)

        return d


    def test_defaultScheduler(self):
        """
        Test that the default scheduler is set up properly.
        """
        lock = defer.DeferredFilesystemLock(self.mktemp())

        self.assertEquals(lock._scheduler, reactor)


    def test_concurrentUsage(self):
        """
        Test that an appropriate exception is raised when attempting
        to use deferUntilLocked concurrently.
        """
        self.lock.lock()
        self.clock.callLater(1, self.lock.unlock)

        d = self.lock.deferUntilLocked()
        d2 = self.lock.deferUntilLocked()

        self.assertFailure(d2, defer.AlreadyTryingToLockError)

        self.clock.advance(1)

        return d


    def test_multipleUsages(self):
        """
        Test that a DeferredFilesystemLock can be used multiple times
        """
        def lockAquired(ign):
            self.lock.unlock()
            d = self.lock.deferUntilLocked()
            return d

        self.lock.lock()
        self.clock.callLater(1, self.lock.unlock)

        d = self.lock.deferUntilLocked()
        d.addCallback(lockAquired)

        self.clock.advance(1)

        return d
