# Copyright (c) 2001-2008 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.


"""
Service architecture for Twisted.

Services are arranged in a hierarchy. At the leafs of the hierarchy,
the services which actually interact with the outside world are started.
Services can be named or anonymous -- usually, they will be named if
there is need to access them through the hierarchy (from a parent or
a sibling).

Maintainer: Moshe Zadka
"""

from zope.interface import implements, Interface, Attribute

from twisted.python.reflect import namedAny
from twisted.python import components
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.persisted import sob
from twisted.plugin import IPlugin

class IServiceMaker(Interface):
    """
    An object which can be used to construct services in a flexible
    way.

    This interface should most often be implemented along with
    L{twisted.plugin.IPlugin}, and will most often be used by the
    'twistd' command.
    """
    tapname = Attribute(
        "A short string naming this Twisted plugin, for example 'web' or "
        "'pencil'. This name will be used as the subcommand of 'twistd'.")

    description = Attribute(
        "A brief summary of the features provided by this "
        "Twisted application plugin.")

    options = Attribute(
        "A C{twisted.python.usage.Options} subclass defining the"
        "configuration options for this application.")


    def makeService(options):
        """
        Create and return an object providing
        L{twisted.application.service.IService}.

        @param options: A mapping (typically a C{dict} or
        C{twisted.python.usage.Options} instance) of configuration
        options to desired configuration values.
        """



class ServiceMaker(object):
    """
    Utility class to simplify the definition of L{IServiceMaker} plugins.
    """
    implements(IPlugin, IServiceMaker)

    def __init__(self, name, module, description, tapname):
        self.name = name
        self.module = module
        self.description = description
        self.tapname = tapname


    def options():
        def get(self):
            return namedAny(self.module).Options
        return get,
    options = property(*options())


    def makeService():
        def get(self):
            return namedAny(self.module).makeService
        return get,
    makeService = property(*makeService())



class IService(Interface):
    """
    A service.

    Run start-up and shut-down code at the appropriate times.

    @type name:            C{string}
    @ivar name:            The name of the service (or None)
    @type running:         C{boolean}
    @ivar running:         Whether the service is running.
    """

    def setName(name):
        """
        Set the name of the service.

        @type name: C{str}
        @raise RuntimeError: Raised if the service already has a parent.
        """

    def setServiceParent(parent):
        """
        Set the parent of the service.

        @type parent: L{IServiceCollection}
        @raise RuntimeError: Raised if the service already has a parent
            or if the service has a name and the parent already has a child
            by that name.
        """

    def disownServiceParent():
        """
        Use this API to remove an L{IService} from an L{IServiceCollection}.

        This method is used symmetrically with L{setServiceParent} in that it
        sets the C{parent} attribute on the child.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: a L{Deferred} which is triggered when the service has
            finished shutting down. If shutting down is immediate,
            a value can be returned (usually, C{None}).
        """

    def startService():
        """
        Start the service.
        """

    def stopService():
        """
        Stop the service.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: a L{Deferred} which is triggered when the service has
            finished shutting down. If shutting down is immediate, a
            value can be returned (usually, C{None}).
        """

    def privilegedStartService():
        """
        Do preparation work for starting the service.

        Here things which should be done before changing directory,
        root or shedding privileges are done.
        """


class Service:
    """
    Base class for services.

    Most services should inherit from this class. It handles the
    book-keeping reponsibilities of starting and stopping, as well
    as not serializing this book-keeping information.
    """

    implements(IService)

    running = 0
    name = None
    parent = None

    def __getstate__(self):
        dict = self.__dict__.copy()
        if dict.has_key("running"):
            del dict['running']
        return dict

    def setName(self, name):
        if self.parent is not None:
            raise RuntimeError("cannot change name when parent exists")
        self.name = name

    def setServiceParent(self, parent):
        if self.parent is not None:
            self.disownServiceParent()
        parent = IServiceCollection(parent, parent)
        self.parent = parent
        self.parent.addService(self)

    def disownServiceParent(self):
        d = self.parent.removeService(self)
        self.parent = None
        return d

    def privilegedStartService(self):
        pass

    def startService(self):
        self.running = 1

    def stopService(self):
        self.running = 0



class IServiceCollection(Interface):
    """
    Collection of services.

    Contain several services, and manage their start-up/shut-down.
    Services can be accessed by name if they have a name, and it
    is always possible to iterate over them.
    """

    def getServiceNamed(name):
        """
        Get the child service with a given name.

        @type name: C{str}
        @rtype: L{IService}
        @raise KeyError: Raised if the service has no child with the
            given name.
        """

    def __iter__():
        """
        Get an iterator over all child services.
        """

    def addService(service):
        """
        Add a child service.

        @type service: L{IService}
        @raise RuntimeError: Raised if the service has a child with
            the given name.
        """

    def removeService(service):
        """
        Remove a child service.

        Only implementations of L{IService.disownServiceParent} should
        use this method.

        @type service: L{IService}
        @raise ValueError: Raised if the given service is not a child.
        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: a L{Deferred} which is triggered when the service has
            finished shutting down. If shutting down is immediate, a
            value can be returned (usually, C{None}).
        """



class MultiService(Service):
    """
    Straightforward Service Container.

    Hold a collection of services, and manage them in a simplistic
    way. No service will wait for another, but this object itself
    will not finish shutting down until all of its child services
    will finish.
    """

    implements(IServiceCollection)

    def __init__(self):
        self.services = []
        self.namedServices = {}
        self.parent = None

    def privilegedStartService(self):
        Service.privilegedStartService(self)
        for service in self:
            service.privilegedStartService()

    def startService(self):
        Service.startService(self)
        for service in self:
            service.startService()

    def stopService(self):
        Service.stopService(self)
        l = []
        services = list(self)
        services.reverse()
        for service in services:
            l.append(defer.maybeDeferred(service.stopService))
        return defer.DeferredList(l)

    def getServiceNamed(self, name):
        return self.namedServices[name]

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.services)

    def addService(self, service):
        if service.name is not None:
            if self.namedServices.has_key(service.name):
                raise RuntimeError("cannot have two services with same name"
                                   " '%s'" % service.name)
            self.namedServices[service.name] = service
        self.services.append(service)
        if self.running:
            # It may be too late for that, but we will do our best
            service.privilegedStartService()
            service.startService()

    def removeService(self, service):
        if service.name:
            del self.namedServices[service.name]
        self.services.remove(service)
        if self.running:
            # Returning this so as not to lose information from the
            # MultiService.stopService deferred.
            return service.stopService()
        else:
            return None



class IProcess(Interface):
    """
    Process running parameters.

    Represents parameters for how processes should be run.

    @ivar processName: the name the process should have in ps (or C{None})
    @type processName: C{str}
    @ivar uid: the user-id the process should run under.
    @type uid: C{int}
    @ivar gid: the group-id the process should run under.
    @type gid: C{int}
    """


class Process:
    """
    Process running parameters.

    Sets up uid/gid in the constructor, and has a default
    of C{None} as C{processName}.
    """
    implements(IProcess)
    processName = None

    def __init__(self, uid=None, gid=None):
        """
        Set uid and gid.

        @param uid: The user ID as whom to execute the process.  If
            this is C{None}, no attempt will be made to change the UID.

        @param gid: The group ID as whom to execute the process.  If
            this is C{None}, no attempt will be made to change the GID.
        """
        self.uid = uid
        self.gid = gid


def Application(name, uid=None, gid=None):
    """
    Return a compound class.

    Return an object supporting the L{IService}, L{IServiceCollection},
    L{IProcess} and L{sob.IPersistable} interfaces, with the given
    parameters. Always access the return value by explicit casting to
    one of the interfaces.
    """
    ret = components.Componentized()
    for comp in (MultiService(), sob.Persistent(ret, name), Process(uid, gid)):
        ret.addComponent(comp, ignoreClass=1)
    IService(ret).setName(name)
    return ret



def loadApplication(filename, kind, passphrase=None):
    """
    Load Application from a given file.

    The serialization format it was saved in should be given as
    C{kind}, and is one of C{pickle}, C{source}, C{xml} or C{python}. If
    C{passphrase} is given, the application was encrypted with the
    given passphrase.

    @type filename: C{str}
    @type kind: C{str}
    @type passphrase: C{str}
    """
    if kind == 'python':
        application = sob.loadValueFromFile(filename, 'application', passphrase)
    else:
        application = sob.load(filename, kind, passphrase)
    return application


__all__ = ['IServiceMaker', 'IService', 'Service',
           'IServiceCollection', 'MultiService',
           'IProcess', 'Process', 'Application', 'loadApplication']
