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  Overview
  Dictionary
  Morphological Analysis
  Inflection
  Entering Text
  Beta Code

Overview

Kalós is a system of 3 related tools:

1. A Classic Greek dictionary in three languages (English/Spanish/French).

2. A Morphological analysis tool. Morphological analysis means finding out the dictionary form from an inflected form.
   For example, given πεπαιδεύκα, an inflected form, the morphological analysis finds out that its dictionary form is παιδεύω.
   Kalós is the best such tool in the market, period.

3. A generator of inflection charts. For example: it produces the fuill conjugation of any verb, or the full declension of any noun or adjective.
   The inflection of participles and infinitives is also given for all verbs.

Other advantages:

• Since all its data is stored on an internal database, Kalós doesn't need an Internet connection in order to work, and it is usually faster than a web-based search engine.
• Kalós doesn't need any kind of keyboard handler program, inputing Greek text for your searches is very simple.
• The printable charts generated by Kalós can be exported into a variety of formats (.PDF, Excel, etc).

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The Dictionary

The dictionary contains more than 23,000 entries, that can be searched by several criteria. You can search entries that match an exact expression that you input, or just part of an expression.

Input box

The expression you search is entered in an input box.

Then press the "Search" button.

And the program will start searching for matching dictionary entries.

Press the "A" or the "Alpha" letter to toggle between Greek and Beta Code input modes.

Expression's Location

The "Expression's Location" choice list lets you decide what kind of match you want to search between the expression you search and the dictionary entries.

The possible values of this choice are:

• Beginning
• Middle
• End
• Exact

Which are pretty self-explanatory.
For example, if you selected "Beginning" and entered the text παιδε on the input box, your search would return all available words beginning with παιδε :

• παιδείᾱ
• παιδεραστέω
• παιδεραστής
• παίδευμα
• παίδευσις
• παιδευτικός
• παιδευτής
• παιδευτός
• παιδεύω

Ignore

The "Ignore" choice list indicates how accurate the match must be.

The possible values of this choice are:

• All diacritics
• Long/short vowels
• Nothing

For example, if you selected "Ignore All Diacritics" and entered the text παιδε on the input box, then you would have obtained the same results as above, since "All Diacritics" is the least stringent of the searches.
However, if you had chosen "Ignore Nothing", then only the following values would have been returned:

• παιδείᾱ
• παιδεραστέω
• παιδεραστής
• παιδευτικός
• παιδευτής
• παιδευτός
• παιδεύω

because the remaining 2 entries started with παίδε (accented epsilon), not with παιδε

"Ignore all diacritics" is the most open of the searches.
The results will include all dictionary entries that match the expression you entered, regardless of accents, spirits, macrons (long marks), dieresis or subscripts.

"Ignore long/short" is more restrictive, because it requires that you input the expression (or part of it) exactly as it is found on the dictionary, with the exception of the vowel quantity information.
By the way, in order to explicitly enter a long mark, just type the "underscore" ( _ ) key or combination of keys.

"Ignore nothing" is the more restrictive of the three types of search, because it will only find those words that match exactly whatever you type in the input box, including diacritics and makrons (long marks).

Part of Speech

These checkboxes allow you to limit the results of the search according to one or more gramatical types.

For example, if you searched words beginning with παιδε but only had "Verb" checked, then you would have obtained only

• παιδεραστέω
• παιδεύω

which are the only 2 verbs within the results

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Morphological Analysis

Overview

The "Morphological Analysis" is the ability of taking an inflected word, analyzing its endings and accidence, and finding out what is its canonical or "dictionary" form.

Verbs, for example, are usually named and listed in dictionaries by their present indicative active form, first person singular.
(The infinitve is known in Greek but it does not usually fulfills this purpose, like in most Indoeuropean languages).


For example, παιυδεύω is a canonical form. If Kalós receives any other inflected form of this verb, for example, ἐπεπαιδεύκει, it can perform a "morphological analysis" on it and determine that it is the 3rd person singular of the active plusquamperfect of παιυδεύω.

Parts of speech

Kalós can perform a morphological analysis on the following types of word:

• Verbs
• Substantives
• Infinitives
• Participles
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Articles
• Personal Pronouns (except the 3rd person singular, which is traditionally supplied by other means)
• Conjunctions
• Prepositions
• Relative pronouns (some)
• Reflexive pronouns
• Interrogative pronouns

Interjections, expletive particles, complex contractions, and other types of word are not yet included in Kalós.

Use

In order to use the Morphological Analysis, just pick the "Morphological Analysis" tab and type in the inflected form that you are analyzing into this section's input box.


It is in general a good idea to select "Ignore Nothing" for the Morphological Analysis, and type the diacritics of the word. This makes searches much faster.
Another trick to accelerate searches is only to check the type of word you believe the word is. For example, if you think the word you are analyzing is a verb, uncheck Substantive, Participle, etc.

Once you are ready, hit the "Search" button and the results appear below.



There is also a "deails tab" that shows the selected row. It is useful when the information shown in the results is too long for the table's cells.

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Inflection

Using the "Inflection" tab, you can create inflection charts of whatever for was selected on the "Dictionary" tab.
You must have something selected on your Dictionary tab in order to use the inflection tab.
The types of chart that you can generate depend on the kind of word that is at that moment selected on the "Dictionary" section.
There are many chart types available, according to the type of word:

verbs	Verbs by mode (abridged)
	Verbs by mode
	Verbs by voice
	Verbs by mode without dual
	Verbs by voice without dual
	Participles by case (abridged)
	Participles by voice (abridged)
	Participles by number
	Participles by voice
	Participles by number without dual
	Participles by number without vocative
	infinitives
substantives	Substantives by number
	Substantives by number without dual
adjectives	Adjectives by gender
	Adjectives by number
	Adjectives by number without dual

This section is fairly intuitive. Just pick what kind of chart you want to create, then press "Create".
Remember that you must have selected a canonical form on the Dictionary tab first.

Independent charts

Some charts contain fixed lists of words, therefore then don't depend on what word you selected on the dictionary: they are always available.
These charts can be created using the selector labelled "More chart types":

articles	Articles by gender
personal pronouns	Personal pronouns by case
	Personal pronouns by case without dual
conjunctions	Conjunctions alphabetically
	Conjunctions by type
relative pronouns	Relative pronouns I (ὅς, ἥ, ὅ)
	Relative pronouns II (ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ)
reflexive pronouns	Reflexive pronouns by gender
interrogative pronouns	Interrogative pronouns by gender

Charts generated

After pressing "Create", the inflection chart is generated in 2 different formats:

• The "grid" view, which is easier to browser
• The "print preview" chart, which is printer-friendly

The "print preview" chart

The chart can be saved by pressing this button in the following formats:

• PDF (Adobe)
• HTML
• xls (Excel), one or multiple sheets.
• csv (comma-separated)
• xml

Press to print the chart.

Use these controls to browse your chart.

And these controls are for zooming the contents of the chart.

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Entering text

Copying and Pasting from other sources

You can copy Greek text from any Unicode website into Kalós, or vice versa.
All input boxes in Kalós have a Copy/Paste pop-up menu, which appears when you right-click on top of the box.

Typing

In all input boxes in Kalós, you have the option of entering text directly in Greek letters or using BETA code.
The Latin "a" stands for BETA code, and the "alpha" stands for Greek characters.

If you choose BETA code, you don't need to capitalize the letters, Kalós does it internally for you


Even if you choose entering Greek characters, the correspondence with the letters on your keyboard follows the BETA code. This means that "Q" means θ, "W" means ω and so on.
For a succinct description of the BETA code, go here.
Knowing BETA code is the only thing necessary to input text. Kalós doesn't need any kind of additional keyboard handler program.

Today's tipographies do not always render the long (makron) sign correctly.
Look in this example how the makron is slightly shifted to the right.

For this reason, when working with many makron marks, you might choose to work with Beta Code.

Deciding whether or not to use diacritics

Ignore all

In most cases, you don't need to type diacritics in Kalós.
On Kalós' screens you will always have a select list with the option "Ignore all".

When you choose that option, Kalós will allow you to enter a word without diacritics.
Internally, the word that you typed in without diacritics is "multiplied" into all possible diacritic variants for that word.
For example, if you typed λυω without any diacritics, and selected the option "Ignore all", Kalós will internally reconstruct all possible diacritic placements (even those gramatically incorrect).

λυω	λύω	λύω	λυώ
λῦω	λυῶ	λυῳ	λύῳ
λῡω	λῡῷ

Then Kalós proceeds to analyze all these words separately.
This normally doesn't represent a big workload for a modern computer, but it can become important, especially when performing a Marphlogical Analysis on very long words.
In sum: when you notice that Kalós is taking a long time performing a task, please don't use the "Ignore All" option, and select one of the other two instead.

Keyboard

When the program starts, you get to choose your keyboard layout.
This ensures that, regardless of your national keyboard, you will be able to enter any of the nine extra symbols required for Greek diacritics: ()/\=+|*_

Cursor

If you are entering text in Greek, you must first type the letter, then the diacritics in any order you want.
You can even type first the whole world, then go back and click on the space after the letter, and Kalós will still be able to add the diacritic!

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Beta Code

Beta code is a way to transliterate Greek words using only the most basic set of characters available on any computer.

In Kalós, you can enter text in Beta Code by pressing the button next to the input box.

Greek letters

The Beta Code transliteration of the Greek letters is as follows.

α A β B γ G δ D ε E ζ Z η H θ Q ι I κ K λ L μ M

ν N ξ X ο O π P ρ R σ S τ T υ U φ F ψ C χ Y ω W

Notice that:

• We use a C for the Greek letter χ, and an X for the letter ξ
• The lettercustomarily used for a final sigma (ς) is J
• All these letters are uppercase. There are no lowercase letters in Beta Code. Lowercase Greek letters are indicated with uppercase Latin letters.

Diacritics

In addition to letters, Beta Code has characters for the diacritics of Classic Greek

Symbol		Example
)	smooth breathing	A)	ἀ
(	rough breathing	A(	ἁ
|	iota subscript	W|	ῳ
+	dieresis	I+	ϊ
/	acute accent	O/	ό
=	circumflex accent	H=	ῆ
\	grave accent	E\	ὲ
*	capitalization mark	*E	Ε
_	long (makron) mark	I_	ῑ

Notice that:

• The capitalization mark is the only one that goes before the letter

Combining

If a letter has several diacritics, it is customary to put first the subscript (if any), then the spirit (if any), then the accent (if any).
Some examples:

Σωκράτης	*SWKRA/THJ
ἄγω	A)/GW
ᾄδω	A|)/DW

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